Shikshapatri (Shlocks 151-175)
English
While going on a pilgrimage to worship Lord Krishna or to a saint or a preceptor, they shall not accept food offered by others either on the way or at those places, because such acts take away the fruits of our good deeds Punya) i.e. the sacredness of the pilgrimage.
Gujarati
અને શ્રીકૃષ્ણ ભગવાન તથા પોતાના ગુરુ તથા સાધુ એમના દર્શન કરવાને અર્થે ગયે સતે માર્ગને વિશે પારકું અન્ન ખાવું નહી. તથા શ્રીકૃષ્ણભગવાન તથા પોતાના ગુરુ તથા સાધુ તેમનાં જે સ્થાનક, તેમને વિષે પણ પારકું અન્ન ખાવું નહી, કેમ કે જે પારકું અન્ન તો પોતાના પુણ્યને હરીલે એવું છે માટે પોતાની ગાંઠનું ખરચ ખાવું.
Spanish
Al ir en peregrinación a adorar al Señor Krishna o de un santo o un preceptor, que no aceptará los alimentos ofrecidos por los demás ya sea en la forma o en aquellos lugares, porque tales actos llevar los frutos de nuestras buenas obras (Punya) es decir, el carácter sagrado de la peregrinación.
Explanation
Shri Krishna and Guru. Guru means Acharya. Sadhus means saints and devotees with saintly attributes of deep devotion. The devotees while on their way to the temple and in the premises of temple, should not eat food from others which takes away the Punyas of such devotee, but should take their own food. Here, the food of others, means the food which is not of Bhiksha, because the food received in Bhiksha is not treated as other's food. The clause 'which takes away the Punyas of such devotee', has a deep hidden meaning. 'The one, whose food has been eaten by a devotee, earns the punya of the Shrine, Vratta, Yagya, Japa and tapa performed by such a devotee pilgrim . ' That is the observation of Smritis.
English
One shall pay the labourer, the proper remuneration as promised, (of course after the completion of the given work) and shall not conceal the matters regarding clearing of debt, marriage connections, or pedigree etc. Also shall not have dealings with the wicked.
Gujarati
અને પોતાના કામકાજ કરવા તેડયા જે મજુર, તેમને જેટલુ ધન અથવા ધાન્ય દીધાનું કહ્યું હોય તે પ્રમાણે જ આપવું, પણ તેમાંથી ઓછું ન આપવું, અને પોતા પાસે કોઇ કરજ માગતો હોય અને તે કરજ દઇ ચુકયા હોઇએ, તે વાતને છાની ન રાખવી તથા પોતાના વંશ તથા કન્યાદાન તે પણ છાનું ન રાખવું, અને દુષ્ટ એવા જે જન તેમની સાથે વ્યવહાર ન કરવો.
Spanish
Uno debe pagar al trabajador, la remuneración adecuada según lo prometido, (por supuesto después de la finalización de la obra dado) y no se ocultan las cuestiones respecto de la compensación de la deuda, las conexiones de matrimonio, o etc pedigrí Además, no tendrá tratos con los malvados.
Explanation
Employee means the one who has been assigned a fixed task. 'You do this much work, I will pay this much for that work,' to inspire a worker to do the work through such contract is called 'employed', such employee should be paid the amount as per promise. Otherwise, the displeased heart of such employee may destroy everything of the employer.' "The employer must pay in beginning, middle and end the salary or remuneration in accordance to their natural understanding." That is the observation of Narada in Mitakshara. Narada has said in Mahabharat, 'Oh Yudhishthira! Do you appraise the work of others ? and do you praise the work of others ? and do you welcome the Satpurusha with meditational prayers ?' Garuda Purana says that the one who did not give after promising to give a thing, becomes unhappy in his life and does not attain Moksha after his death.Purification of wealth or money, means repaying a debt. The repayment of such borrowing from a wealthier man should not be kept secret, but should be carried out in witness of a person. Parashar Muni says: 'Intelligent ones should not hide repayment of a debt and their lineage.' Kashi Khanda says: 'Those nine should be in public: Hidden sins, uncriticised acts, a debt, repayment of a debt, own lineage, buying and selling, Kanyadaan (woman's share given to a daughter in her marriage), and a virtuous rise.' Yagyavalkya has said about repayments of a debt: The account of the moneylender should be closed by himself or by others. The payment of such debt should be carried out in public through a witness. If the document of such a debt either of his own or of his father is not available, then such document should be created afresh without involving a current witness and such debt should be settled forever. Such process is called a settlement in our day to day language.
Wicked persons, means those who are practising sins and are against the religion. They oppose God. There should be no dealing with such people. Vyavahara Samuchchaya says: There should be no relation with the people opposing, God, practicing sins, hypocrite and short tempered.
English
When loss of prestige or estate or life is threatened in a place where they reside either due to very bad times like famines or by enemies or by a king.
Gujarati
અને જે ઠેકાણે પોતે રહેતા હોઇએ તે ઠેકાણે કોઇક કઠણ ભુંઠો કાળ અથવા શત્રું અથવા રાજા તેમના ઉપદ્રવે કરીને સર્વ પ્રકારે પોતાની લાજ જતી હોય કે ધનનો નાશ થતો હોય કે પોતાના પ્રણનો નાશ થતો હોય.
Spanish
En el caso de la hambruna, el acoso de los enemigos o los gobernantes, lo cual puede resultar en la pérdida de la dignidad, la pérdida de la propiedad o la vida, mis discípulos será tan discreto como para dejar de fumar incluso su lugar de origen y emigrar a otros lugares donde pueden vivir cómodamente.
Explanation
In time of drought and due to troubles from enemies or due to hardships from ruler or a head of that area. The time when reputation, wealth and life are in danger in that country. Even if, that may be a native place - birth place of my follower, he should quit such place, but should not stay there. Muni Maharaj has said, 'One should not live in such places where there are hypocrites, irreligious, ill and nuisance creating people. Seasoned statesman Chanakya has said, 'Lions, Satpurushas and elephants leave their places in a case of calamity or disaster inflicting pains, but crows, cowards and deers continue to live in such places.' Change of the place means to leave for other country, to live elsew there happily. Therefore, it is to be understood that even in such changed place, if there are hardships that place too should be changed. Country means a place where one can live a happy life.
English
In the event of famine, harassment by enemies or rulers, which may result in loss of dignity, loss of property or life, my disciples shall be so discreet as to quit even their native place and migrate to other places where they can live comfortably.
Gujarati
અને તે જો પોતાનું મુળ ગરાસનું તથા વતનનું ગામ હોય તોપણ તેનો વિવેકી એવા જે અમારા સત્સંગી ગૃહસ્થ તેમણે તત્કાળ ત્યાગ કરી દેવો અને જયાં ઉપદ્રવ ન હોય તેવો જે બીજો દેશ તે પ્રત્યે જઇને સુખેથી રહેવું.
Spanish
En el caso de la hambruna, el acoso de los enemigos o los gobernantes, lo cual puede resultar en la pérdida de la dignidad, la pérdida de la propiedad o la vida, mis discípulos será tan discreto como para dejar de fumar incluso su lugar de origen y emigrar a otros lugares donde pueden vivir cómodamente.
Explanation
In time of drought and due to troubles from enemies or due to hardships from ruler or a head of that area. The time when reputation, wealth and life are in danger in that country. Even if, that may be a native place - birth place of my follower, he should quit such place, but should not stay there. Muni Maharaj has said, 'One should not live in such places where there are hypocrites, irreligious, ill and nuisance creating people. Seasoned statesman Chanakya has said, 'Lions, Satpurushas and elephants leave their places in a case of calamity or disaster inflicting pains, but crows, cowards and deers continue to live in such places.' Change of the place means to leave for other country, to live elsew there happily. Therefore, it is to be understood that even in such changed place, if there are hardships that place too should be changed. Country means a place where one can live a happy life.
English
Those who are rich, shall perform non–violent sacrifices like Vishnu–yag, and shall feed Brahmins and Sadhus in place of pilgrimage and on festival days.
Gujarati
અને ધનાઢય એવા જે ગૃહસ્થ સત્સંગી તેમણે હિંસાએ રહિત એવા જે વિષ્ણુસંબંધી યજ્ઞ તે કરવા તથા તીર્થને વિષે તથા દ્વાદશી આદિક પર્વને વિષે બ્રાહ્મણ તથા સાધુ તેમને જમાડવા.
Spanish
Los titulares de la casa que están muy bien que hacer se realizan sacrificios Vaishnava no violenta (Yagnas) (donde no matanza de animales está involucrada). Ellos se alimentan los brahmanes y los ascetas en los lugares de peregrinación y también en los días propicios.
Explanation
Now in two Shlokas tells something more for wealthy and prosperous householders. Here householders means those who have a wife. Non-violent means such not involving killing an animal. Such holy-fires to Lord Vishnu, which does not involve killing an animal. Great Rishis have said that this path is of such householders, who performs holy fire from their money and worships Lord of holy fire. The procedure and rituals of performing a non-violent holy fire has been given in Ashva megha Yagya Akhyan of Uparichar Vasu, in Moksha Dharm chapter of Mahabharat. One should refer to it. Shrines (Tirtha) means the sacred places of God, sacred areas, sacred rivers described in scriptures. Festive days means the days like lastday of a month, Sankranti (passing of a planet from a particular zodiac sign), the seventeenth astronomical union. etc days. On all such days, the brahmins and saints should be served with sumptuous food. Sadhu means a devotee with virtues of a saint. Herein, it is suggested that the fruit of offering sumptuous food to a brahmin or a saint is greater than a fruit of performing a holy-fire. Lord Vaikunthnath has said, 'The satisfaction offered to me by offering sumptuous food to a Brahmin or a saint is greater than a satisfaction given to me by performing holy-fire. Prithu has said that Bhagwan eats such food which has been offered with great faith by a Brahmin in a holy-fire. The searchers of Moksha Leave an agile and move towards an inert, but Bhagwan, in the manner being worshipped and pleased by sacred hymns from the mouth of a holy brahmin is not being worshipped and pleased at such extent by the mouth of a holy-fire.
English
They shall also celebrate big festival in temples of Lord Krishna and shall give various kind of alms to deserving Brahmins.
Gujarati
તે ધનાઢય એવા જે ગૃશસ્થ સત્સંગી તેમણે ભગવાનના મંદિરને વિષે મોટા ઉત્સવ કરાવવા તથા સુપાત્ર એવા જે બ્રાહ્મણ તેમને નાના પ્રકારના દાન દેવા.
Spanish
También se encargará de celebrar fiestas en las escalas de cola en los templos y se ofrecen varias cosas en la caridad a los brahmanes que merece.
Explanation
The temples of God, means temples of Lord Shri Krishna. Festive celebrations means to worship and please Lord Krishna with music, Kirtans, dance, Mahabhishekam, Mahanaivedyam etc, on Ekadashi, Janmashtami and other festive days. Donations in various kind should be offered on these days to a deserving Brahmin. Daan Khanda describes finer distinctions of a similar looking donation. For example in the case of donating a cow, there are distinctions like a cow of Gold, a cow of sesamum seeds, a radish - brown cow and a cow with double mouth, may be the distinctions in donation of a cow. Similar is the state in regard to other donations. A cow, a piece of land and gold are considered fit for a donation. As there is 'etc' with such donation a saints may be given clothes etc things for a donation. In Krita-Yuga (the age of truth) the penance is prominent, in Treta-Yuga it is knowledge who prevails upon everything, in Dwapara Yuga, holy fires are prominent but in Kali Yuga (present age) donations are supreme in achieving desired fruits. Brihaspati has said, 'Penance is the religion of Sat-Yuga, knowledge is the religion of Treta Yuga, Yagya (holy-fires) is the religion of Dwapara Yuga and the trio of donation, mercy and control on the sense organs is the religion of Kali Yuga (present age)' . Shatapatha Shruti says, 'Learn controlling the sense organs, donating and being merciful.' Yagyavalkya has described the attributes of a proper one, 'The propriety can not be attained only by acquiring knowledge and performing penance, but the one who has good character and acquired both these becomes a proper one.' Yama has said, 'The Brahmin who learns Vedas, observes religious orders, performs penance and meditation, has the virtue of forgiveness, donates to others, lives a truthful life, becomes a proper-just-person.' Cow, land, Gold etc. should he donated to such a proper person by offering a Poojan-and worship to him. But, the learned wise who are desirous of their own prosperity should not donate to an improper - person. The attributes of a proper person for receiving such donation, may be learnt from Daan Hemadri, but the donation in the form of food and water does not require a test in propriety of the receiver. For that, Vyas has said in Bhagwad Bhaskar, 'Don't think of propriety of a receiver of a donation of food or water. If he is hungry, he is proper for receiving food as a donation, and if one is unclothed, he is just for receiving donation of a cloth. But in donation of other things, if such donation goes to an improper person, the donation becomes Tamas Daan . Bhagwan says, 'Irrespective of place and time, a donation made repeatedly without any knowledge becomes a Tamas Daan. The fruits of such donation are attained by taking birth as a bird.' This has been said by Him in Vishnudharmottar Puran. Moreover, it is said that the fruits of such donations are attained by a donor on taking birth as a bird. What one should do when a proper person is not available? For that, Bhaskaracharya has said, 'Address in your mind a proper one and pour water from your palm in the water container or in any water body on such mental resolute of donating gives desired fruits of donation to a donor, and as and when a person receives such donation, does not attract any fault for receiving a donation. Thereafter, such donor should handover that donation to proper person when he finds him, or he should arrange to send it to the home of a proper person.Showing more about such donation, it is said in Kashi Khanda that a donation becomes an everlasting donation when it is given to any one from these nine: A proper person, a friend, a poor, an orphan, a favourer, a mother, a father and a Guru (preceptor). The donation given to any one from these nine becomes futile: a Bhat (singer of the praises), a Charan (a royal bard), a thief an alchemist, a rascal, a cheater, a wrestler, and a public praiser. It is said in Parashar Smriti that a donation to such one becomes futile if such a receiver sells to the others the things of such donation. Also it is a futile donation if it is given to person who has fallen after a rise. And a donation becomes futile if it is given from an unjustified income. A donation is not fruitful if it is given to a non-brahmin, a fallen one, a thief, a hater of his own perceptor, an unthankful person and common priest of whole village. The priest of whole village, Husband of a debauch woman, a trader of the Vedic knowledge, one in whose house a wife has a kept-husband, one who is a henpecked husband, a snake charmer and a servant if given a donation, such donation becomes futile for the donor. Thus these Sixteen donations are not fruitful. Now, Bhavishyat Purana says about a proper donation: To donate to a virtuous person, a donation from a just earning or possession is the main attribute of a donation . Mahabharat says, 'Oh Yadhishthira ! That donation becomes an everlasting and eternal donation which is given from a just earning and donated with earnest faith and with proper rituals.' Yagyavalkya has said: In a manner not creating any controversy in the family, one can donate any thing excepting his wife and his son. If lineage continues after the one, the one should not donate everything of him. One should not donate to somebody else after promising a donation to the one. If there are many children in a family and if there is no opposition in the family for a donation, then after satisfying the needs of clothing and food for the family, one should donate from remaining savings, but should not donate any thing by creating a conflict for the same in the family. Vyasji has shown alternative in this: If a great Brahmin soul comes to the house, the householder desiring self emancipation, should donate food to a visitor at the cost of the family members. These sentence applies to visiting ascetics and saints. In Daan Khanda, Daksha, has described the things which can not be donated: common property, things borrowed from others, things received in deposit, things of hypothication, wife, women's wealth, things received from others and deposit amount should not be given in donation. These nine things should not be donated even in the times of greatest trouble. The thing for which there are many owners, is called a common property. The ornaments and clothes borrowed from others for personal use have been called a borrowed thing. Trusted items means such items which have been given by some one to the house members by asking them to hand it over to the head of the house. Ornaments and precious items belonging to a woman are called woman's wealth. Deposit means a thing kept in the house by some one by considering the presence of the owner of the house or without any consideration. It is also said that donation of a used cloth, donation given after an insult, insufficient donation, donation of an unclean thing, donation from an unjust income, are not just as the donations. Also it is said that donation of gold, silver and copper made to an ascetic becomes a fultile donation, and instead of earning punyas for a donor it becomes it becomes an irreligious act. Smrits have said that a donar donating gold to an ascetic, consigned to hell after his death. Deval Rishi has said that a donor who is desirous of Punya should not donate cooked food to a householder, a milk product to a Vanprastha (one who is in third stage of his life) and should not give money to a beggar.
Some more has been said in Daan Dharm about a taker of such donation. Those who are without knowledge and penance should stay away from taking a donation. Because a learned one removes through his knowledge the drawbacks incurred to him due to accepting a donation. The act of taking a donation removes brahmic light of a Brahmin. But the sufferer families should take a good donation from a Sat Purusha. Vyasji has said in Daan Mayukha : A man receiving a donation of deer skin, a bed given after some ones death and an impregnated she lamb in Kurukshetra area never takes again a birth as a man. Iron, sesame seeds, a buffalo, oil, salt, a cow made of sesame seeds and jewel are called disastrous donations. It is said in Daan Khanda of Brahm Purana that a donation even to save his own life, should not be taken by the one in an area about the four hand length of a river stream. Yagyavalkya has said in connection with the donations that a killer of animals, a driver of a oil extracting mill, a distiller, a prostitute and a king are wicked by nature in multiple of ten to each other in their merit order given above. Here, a king means such a ruler who rules his state by disowning the limitation of the scriptures . Bhaskaracharya has said that no donation should be accepted from a king who flouts the scriptures. Mitakshara says that a donation should be accepted from such a king who donates without begging to him for the same. Evil doers if donates without a demand to them, such donation should be accepted form them. But an uncalled for donation should not be accepted from a prostitute, an impotent, a fallen one or an enemy. Because in Prayaschita Mayukha, Lord Manu has shown a way of atonement for accepting a donation unknowingly from an improper person: If a donation has been received from a unjust -improper-person, such a receiver of a donation should stay in a cow hut, living on the milk of cow and chanting hymn of Goddess Gayatri for the three thousand times with a rock steady mind and divine bliss.
English
The rulers who are my followers shall treat their subjects as their own children according to Dharmashastras and shall establish a rule of dharma on earth.
Gujarati
અને અમારે આશ્રિત એવા જે સત્સંગી રાજા તેમણે ધર્મશાસ્ત્રને અનુસરીને પોતાના પુત્રની પુઠે પોતાની પ્રજાનું પાલન કરવું અને પૃથ્વીને વિષે ધર્મનું સ્થાપન કરવું..
Spanish
Los gobernantes que son mis seguidores deberán proteger a sus súbditos como lo harían sus hijos en conformidad con los principios del Dharma Shastras (Sagradas Escrituras), y establecerán el imperio de la Dharma en la tierra.
Explanation
Now tells religious duties of a ruler. Here, the kings means those who are enthroned Khatriyas and are followers of Shri Hari. Those Kshatriyas should take care of their subjects like their sons in accordance to the preaching and teaching of Dharma Shastra - as per the polity taught by Yagyavalkya. These Kings should keep their subjects in the state living their life as per their caste-religion and as per life-stage. They should live a virtuous life. Bhagwat has said, 'A King taking the revenue without keeping his subjects religiously, eats sins of his people-subjects and in his ultimate stage loses his majesty.' Moreover, Bhagwat it-self has said about the fruits of founding religion: 'The king, in whose kingdom his subjects live a Varnashram Dharm life (life in accordance to his caste and life-stage) and perform holy-fires etc., in that country the king attains divine pleasure of God, and thus, that king pleases his God through his own rights.' Know that, the religion is to be founded in harmony of space and time. Seasoned hermit Yagyavalkya Muni has said, 'The country where a particular type of customs, traditions and social life prevails therein on taking over the ruling of such country, the king should refound same customs traditions and social life which have prevailed praior to a take over. Yagyavalkya has narrated in common the attributes of a king: A King must have great enthusiasm, foresight, knowledge of action, serves old people, polite, Virtuous, noble lineage, truthful, holy, active, with excellent memory, not cheap, not harsh, wedded to religion, intoxicant free, wise, brave, a knower of secrets, hides well his weaknesses, knows well the science of investigation and the principles of justice, and should be an expert in the three ways. Bhishma Pitamah has said in Rajdharma chapter of Mahabharat: Sat aside liking and disliking and practice religious duties, leave personal attachment, and be a theist. Earn wealth by not inviting a criticism for that. Enjoy pleasures without becoming arrogant, speak sweetly and don't be a miser. Be brave and don't criticize and don't donate to a undeserved person. Be effective, don't be merciless. Don't compromise with Anaryas. Don't fight with your brothers. Don't appoint one a secret messenger who does not love you. Work by not creating pains for the self. Don't converse to Asatpurusha. Shun self praise, don't collect taxes from Sadhus, don't give a shelter to a Asatpurusha, don't impose punishment without a proper test, don't disclose a hymn, don't give money to a greedy, don't trust an ungrateful, don't be over amorous to women, consume pure food and refrain from a harmful food, offer worship poojan decently to the respectables and elders and serve them honestly. Worship your deities without hypocrisy, desire for such wealth which does not attract negative criticism and spend such wealth instead of loving it, know well the prevailing time and act smartly. Maintain peace but not for the self emancipation and don't be prejudiced while obliging some one, don't attack unknowingly and don't be sorrowful on killing an enemy. No sudden anger. No soft corner for an ungrateful.' Yogishwar has said, 'King should be generous towards brahmins, should be openhearted to the dear ones, should be angry towards the enemy, should be fatherly towards the servants and subjects and should be just to his public by taxing, sixth part of their income. The greatest amongst the donation is to look well after the subjects. The people should be protected well against the cheaters, theives, thugs and extremists troubling the people. King should protect the people against those lots and against the diseases. The people not protected well by a king, if commits sinful acts one half of such sin would go the king, as he shares peoples income by collecting taxes. King should respect saintly people and should punish sinful lots. He should honour the scholars of Vedas by a decent welcome, honour and donations. The fire ignited by the pains and sufferings of his subjects destroys royal majesty, lineage and life of the King. Rajdharma thus, further says that the people living happily and peacefully along the saints and Satpurushas, live their life in a religious way and king gets one fourth of their Punyas.' According to Shrimad Bhagwat, principal duty of a king is to take care of his subjects. A king's benediction to other world means his total care for his subjects, as he gets sixth part of the earning of his subjects. Despite this tax, if he fails to protect his subjects, his punya recedes and becomes a sinner. To remove the pains of his sufferer subjects is the prime duty of a king. 'It is religious duty of a king to protect and look after his subjects, practicing a religious life.' 'I am king of this state to deliver justice to my subjects. I am the giver of livelihood to the subject, I am their protector and I place them in suitable duties.' 'The king has to think much before executing a life punishment, as destruction of the body, destroys all meaningful relations and contexts. Therefore, Mokshadharma says, 'As a criminal under a life punishment comes to the priest and surrenders to him with a prayer to forgive him, as he in future would not repeat such sinful act, then in such state, the sinner should be freed in accordance to the orders of Brahma.'Yagyavalkya has said about the wars, 'One who says that he is yours, an impotent, one who has no arrows, one who is affectious, one who has turned back from a war, and those who are witnessing a war should not be killed. This Shlokas has suffixed 'etc' to the list of these forbidden people, therefore, a horse, a warrior without a chariot driver, one with the folded hands, one with untied hair, one who has given away a fight, one sitting on a tree, one sitting on a bare ground, one drinking water, one eating food, one without protective shield, a bard, a messenger, a cow, a brahmin, a she elephant, a chariot and a king should not be killed by a king. It is preached in Gautam, Shankha and other Smritis. Knowers of virtuous living and scriptures have preached that the war is the last alternative to be chosen as a solution: Vidur Niti says that an arrow released from the hands may or may not kill a person, but the intellect released from the brain of an intelligent one kills the king with his entire kingdom.' And therefore, Manu Maharaj suggests reprimand as a first step of punishing, then in order comes oral punishment, monitory punishment, and in last is beheading. But has very clearly said that it is most proper to punish wickeds for founding and strengthening religious duties in the state. For this, there is one statement of king Ashwapati in Chhandogya Upanishada: In my kingdom there is no thief, no miser, no alcoholic, no body is without of Agnihotra, nobody is an ignorant and nobody is a debauch, then how could there be any debauch women?' Kamandak Niti Shastra has said, 'It is not proper to exempt from punishment a sinner, if he be a brother, a son, an elder, a father-in-law or a maternal uncle, though he has fallen from the religion of course, there are some situations where such punishments are exempted. Bhagwat says, 'Oh wife of the brave one! Those who are non-brahmin and have committed a sin, I punish them. In all three Lokas, I don't see any body free from grief and living happily except of devotees of God.' I hold canon of punishment in all seven islands excepting lineage of Brahmins and devotees of Bhagwan.' 'There should be no impact of royal majesty on a brahmin lineage adorned with endurance, penance and knowledge and Parmatma (supreme soul) is their deity.' Bharat says that, accordingly the force of Kaliyug gives a way to the force of virtues of a king. King is the cause of destiny or time or the destiny or time is the cause of a king or the polity. There should be no doubt in it that the king is the cause of time. 'If a king lives religiously, his subjects live a religious life. And if acts a king sinfully, his subject becomes sinful. If acts moderately, subjects too act in a moderate way, subjects follow their king; as a king would be, the subjects would be like that.' It is the wisdom of Chanakya.
English
The rulers shall acquire perfect knowledge of 1. The seven constituent parts of the state, 2. The four expedient devices, 3. The six aspects of diplomacy. They shall also study and understand (through spies) the nature of bureaucrats appointed in various posts in their kingdom. They shall appoint persons who well-versed in the art of state crafts as ministers and shall be able to identify by their characteristics, the persons who deserve to be punished and those who do not deserve to be punished.
Gujarati
અને તે રાજા તેમણે રાજયના જે સાત અંગ તથા ચાર ઉપાય તથા છ ગુણ, તે જેતે લક્ષણે કરીને અથાર્થપણે જાણવાં, અને તીર્થ જે મોકલ્યાનાં સ્થાનક, તથા વ્યવહારના જાણનારા જે સભાસદ, તથા દંડવા યોગ્ય જે માણસ તથા દંડવા યોગ્ય નહિ એવા જે માણસ - એ સર્વને લક્ષણે કરીને યથાર્થપણે જાણવા.
Spanish
Los gobernantes deberán adquirir un conocimiento perfecto de: 1. Los siete elementos constitutivos del Estado, 2. Los cuatro dispositivos oportunos, y 3. Los seis aspectos de la diplomacia. Asimismo, deberán estudiar y comprender (a través de espías) la naturaleza de los burócratas nombrados en diversos puestos en su reino. Se nombrará a personas que bien versados en el arte de la artesanía del estado como ministros y será capaz de identificar por sus características, las personas que merecen ser castigados y los que no merecen ser castigados.
Explanation
The organs of a state means the monark, the minister etc and also conciliatory, nonetary, secretive and punitive means of polity should be learnt well in detail by a king. Tirtha - shrines means the places , like missions, appointments, secret codes, etc should be learnt well and such a king should be export in his dealing - giving and taking. And they should know full well about the nobles and officers attending their court as a courtier. Also they should by the attributes the punishable persons. There are words of advice in Bharata: Master, minister, friend, treasury, state, fort and strength are the integral parts and the inherent nature of a state. One who opposes any of these, should be punished. There are four ways: Saam (conciliatory), Daam (monetary), Bheda (discriminative and secretive variation) and Danda (punishment), these should be applied in a just way. Fifth such way is ignoring or avoiding. A king should be firm in these six: Sandhi (a pact or treaty), Vigraha (disjoining from a treaty), Yaan (an attack on a enemy), Dwaidhi Bhava (differentiate), Samaashraya (inclusion) and Sthaan (position or place), these six should be decided firmly by a king. The eighteen Teertha places are: Minister, royal priest, prince, army head, chief of the fort, head of the prison, treasurer, finance manager of the investments, preacher, mayor, executive head, religious head, assembly head, magistrate, guarding head of the fort, home minister and forest officer, these sixteen places should be filled by fixing own spies in such places of of the own kingdom or in the places of the others, but a minister, prince and a state priest should not be placed there as a spy. The dealing are of eighteen types: debt, receipt and payment, deposit, sale of others belongings, Partnership dealings , non - payment of the things, disobedience to the king's orders, territorial disputes, theft, disputes on sale proceeds, disputes involving servant-master relations, breach of service contract, beating, bad and bitter words, of taking away somebody's wife, non-payment of salary, gambling invitation, property share between brothers and male-female ethical duties. 'The King should appoint such courtiers who are scholars of Vedas and Shrutis, knowers of religion, truthful and impartial to friends and foes.' Those who are not practicing personal religion, and are hypocrite, opposing virtuous people, harassing weaker people, flouting the rules of decorum, should be punished by the state . Brahmins, kings, economically weak, devotees of Lord Vishnu etc Gods, mediators, members of a greater family and Gurus are not punishable. More details on this can be had from Niti Shastra.Shloka has 'etc', therefore, it should be understood well that from whom the toll should be recovered and from whom should it be not. The toll money means the levies to be paid to the state on taking goods across river, in a town or in the streets and markets. Mitakshara says about the incidents where such toll should not be collected: No toll should be charged on immetational ornaments, on the goods received in begging, on the remaining part of a thing already taxed, and from the artisans, children, messengers, ascetics and learners of Vedas. Also there should be no toll levied on the wealth of God.
English
Female followers who are married shall serve their husbands like God, even if the are blind, sick, poor or impotent and shall not speak harsh words to them.
Gujarati
હવે સુવાસિની બાઇઓના વિશેષ ધર્મ કહીને છીએ અમારે આશ્રિત જે સુવાસિની બાઇઓ તેમણે પોતાનો પતિ અંધ હોય, રોગી હોય, દરિદ્ર હોય, નપુંસક હો તો પણ ઇશ્ર્વરની પેઠે સેવવો અને તે પતિ પ્રત્યે કટુક વચન ન બોલવું.
Spanish
Mujer cuyo esposo está vivo será prestar un servicio a su marido teniendo él como su Dios y nunca usar palabras duras contra él, a pesar de que es ciego, enfermo o impotente o pobres.
Explanation
Now, in these following four Shlokas explains special religious duties of the married women whose husband is alive. The prime duties of such women is to serve their husband. Due to their destiny, such husband become blind or has become a prey to a prolonged sickness, or may have become poor or impotent, but she should treat him like her God. Narada has said in Shrimad Bhagwata , ' Oh benedictory women! Serve your husband with a conspiracy free service and serve your husband's brother too and provide sustenance to the children. This is the specific religion of a married women. Husband may be of evil nature, stuffless, aged, inactive and dull, sick and poor, but the woman desiring other world and living a sinfree life should not quit him. This is the advise of God.' And Narada says that the married woman if serves her husband as her God lives a happy life like Goddess Lakshmi with her husband Shri Hari in this world. Kashyapa has said, 'The greatest divine force of woman rests in her husband. She should not speak harsh, pinching and irritating words to her husband, but should speak sweetly, and in a favouring tone. She should act in accordance to the direction from her husband, as it is her duty to do so. And if husband of such a married woman is a great sinner, she should wait calmly for his purification from those sins. Those were the words of wisdom from the preachings of our respected ascetic Yagyavalkya. Narada has said, 'It is the daily Vratta of a married woman to serve her God-like husband and look after the brother of her husband. She should keep her house neat, clean and should attend to domestic chores, in a neat and clean dress.
English
They shall not even unintentionally maintain any relations with persons who are young, handsome, and/or who may be well versed unlearning, art, etc.
Gujarati
અને તે સુવાસિની સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે રુપ ને યૌવન તેણે યુકત ગુણવાન એવો જે અન્ય પુરુષ તેનો પ્રસંગ સહજ સ્વભાવે પણ ન જ કરવો.
Spanish
Ella nunca se han conocido, incluso por casualidad, con un hombre joven y guapo (que no sea el esposo) a pesar de que puede ser un hombre de buen carácter.
Explanation
Those women should shun an occasion with a person who is other than her husband and is handsome, youthful, artful, skilful and religious minded. She should not converse or be with such person. 'As a man parishes o association of an youthful woman, in similar way a chaste woman parishes on a sudden company of an youthful man.' That is an observation of Anushasana Parva given by Lord Shankara. She should discourage such company intelligently and intentionally. More duties of such a faithful married women may be had from Brahmvaivarta Purana. Also it is to be understood that they should not live independently or freely. Parashara Smriti says, 'In her adolescence and during her unmarried life a Girl is protected by her father, in her youth she is protected by her husband, in her old age, she is under the protection of her sons and grand sons, a women can not have a free life.' Madhava says, 'A women- married or widow-if lives freely, then her life is like life of a beast fallen from the religion.
English
The devout housewife shall never keep her body without an upper garment and shall not dress in such a way that may expose her navel, thighs or breast to the viewers. She shall not look at persons of mimical nature and never make acquaintance with a woman who knows no modesty.
Gujarati
અને પતિવ્રતા એવી જે સુવાસિની સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે પોતાની નાભિ, સાથળ અને છાતી તેને બીજો પુરુષ દેખે એમ ન વર્તવું અને ઓઢયાના વસ્ત્ર વિના ઉઘાડે શરીરે ન રહેવું અને ભાંડભવાઇ જોવા ન જેવું અને નિર્લજજ એવી જે સ્ત્રઓ તથા સ્વૈરિણી, કામિની અને પુંશ્ર્વલી એવી જે સ્ત્રીઓ તેમનો સંગ ન કરવો.
Spanish
El ama de casa devota que nunca mantendrá su cuerpo sin ropa superior y no se visten de tal manera que puedan exponer sus muslos navales, o de mama a los espectadores. Ella no podrá ver a personas de naturaleza mímica y nunca hacer amistad con una mujer que no conoce el pudor
Explanation
Chaste woman means a virtuous woman. The word has been kept in singular form to address whole lot of women. If they don't cover their breasts, thighs and naval it would become visible to the man. It means that there always should be an uttariya, should be large enough and properly woven so that it does not appear like that of a prostitute or a street dancer. These chaste ladies should not establish contact with those public women and cheaters. Yagyavalkya has said, 'The woman who lives in the interests of her husband, a virtuous life by controlling all her sense organs, earns fame in the family and society and attains heaven after her death.' Shankha Muni has said about this virtuous behavior: Should not go out without a permission from the husband, should wear uttariya properly. Should not move hastily. Should not speak to other man. Should not speak to a trader, ascetic, old person and Vaidya (doctor) without a purpose. They should not show their naval, should wear a dress upto their knee, should not uncover their breasts, should not laugh loudly, should not be malicious towards the husband or the brothers of her husband. She should not come in contact with a prostitute, a cheater, a lady messenger, a woman ascetic, a woman with black magic, a cheater woman, a woman with jokular nature and an ill - tempered woman . As an association with a non - virtuous spoils the chastity. Therefore, it is to be concluded that a company with evil minded should be avoided. Bharata says: Drinking wine, company of the evil minded, separation from husband, sleeping in day time and to pass time by sitting in others houses are the six evils for a chaste woman. Sleeping in day time and excessive sleep are forbided.The attributes of a chaste woman are as under: She is sad in the pains of her husband, she is happy in happiness of her husband. She lives a dull and unglamorous life while her husband is away from her. She sacrifices her body in fire and becomes a Sati an death of her husband. The chaste woman with these attributes attains respect like great woman Arundhati. Here, the suggestion of becoming a Sati is only for those women who are not desirous of moksha and are not capable to live a life of celibacy and are desirous of the pleasures of heaven. If they are not acting in the like manner, they would indulge in debauchery etc evil acts and will draw her generations in the hellish pains of the hell. Great saint Garga Muni has said, 'The woman, who after the death of her husband, lives a free life would be consigned to hell with her three generations. Therefore, the woman who can not live a life of a celibate, would be a fit case for becoming a Sati. Moreover Manu Maharaj has said, 'A saintly woman either should have to live a life of a celibate or should become a Sati after her husband.' Brahmvaivarta Purana says: There is no path for a woman in Kaliyuga for attaining her ultimate destination except the path of becoming a Sati after her husband. For this, Nirnaya Sindhu provides a scholastic treatise: This is only for those woman who are not capable of maintaining celibacy in their everyday life. Mitakshara treatise of Acharadhyaya says: Those women who have no desires of Moksha and are desirous of tempting pleasures of heaven, should become Sati after their husband. 'The heavenly pleasures are very much available in the state of absolute celibacy as per Kashikhanda of Nirnaya Sindhu. The woman practicing widowhood after the death of her husband, gets her husband again and enjoys heavenly pleasure with her husband. Mitakshara may be referred for more details on this topic.
English
Putting on luxurious dress of ornaments, staying in the house of others and merriment even with ladies shall be avoided while her husband is staying away in a far off land.
Gujarati
અને તે સુવાસિની સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે પોતાના પતિ પરદેશગયે સતે આભુષણ ન ધારવાં તથા રુડાં વસ્ત્ર ન પહેરવા તથા પારકે ઘેર બેસવા ન જાવું અને હાસ્ય વિનોદાદિકનો ત્યાગ કરવો.
Spanish
Poner en el vestido de lujo de los ornamentos, permaneciendo en la casa de los demás y la alegría, incluso con las damas se evitará mientras su marido se queda lejos en una tierra lejana.
Explanation
Now tells here the special religious duties of woman, when their husbands have gone to some other region. The married women, should give away wearing pretty dresses and ornaments, when their husband have gone to same other region. They should not visit the houses of others during such period. They should not indulge in laughing and gossiping in society. Yagyavalkya has said, 'The married woman should leave pleasure loving talks gossiping, pretty dresses, public enjoyments, and socialization when their husbands have gone to some other region.'
English
Female followers who are widows shall serve Lord Shri Krishna as their husband and shall always follow the advice of their father, son and such other relatives but shall never act independently.
Gujarati
હવે વિધવા સ્ત્રીઓના વિશેષ ધર્મ કહીએ છીએ અમારે આશ્રિત જે વિધવા સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે તો પતિ બુદ્ધિએ કરીને શ્રીકૃષ્ણભગવાનને સેવવા અને પોતાના પિતા પુત્રાદિક જે સંબંધી તેમની આજ્ઞાને વિષે વર્તવુ પણ સ્વતંત્રપણે ન વર્તવું.
Spanish
Las viudas deberán prestar un servicio a Dios, teniendo él en el lugar de su marido y vive con su padre, hermanos o hijos hacen su cuidado. Nunca vivirá damas independientes.
Explanation
Now in following ten Shloka, tells about the duties of widowa. The married woman whose husband has expired is called a widow woman. Such woman should take Shri Hari - Lord Shri Krishna - as her husband and should serve him in a like manner. Means, such woman should meditate upon the image of Lord Shri Krishna. Thus they should serve Lord Vishnu treating him as husband, but should not serve to him with other sense. That is the opinion of Shudra Kamalakara, Madan Parijata and Skand Purana. Such woman should not live an independent life but should live under their nearest relatives like father, brothers and sons. Yagyavalkya has said in Acharadhyaya, 'When she is a girl, father should protect her, when she is in her youth, her husband should protect her, and when she is in her old age her sons should protect her, and if she has no child, then people of her community should protect her. But in no case a women should be allowed to live independently.The woman should not live without father, mother, son, brother, father-in-law, mother-in-law or maternal uncle, otherwise she becomes a prey to public criticism in absence of her husband. Vigyaneshwar has said, 'The woman when is in her childhood and adolescence, a father should protect her against untoward acts, in her youth, she should be protected by her husband, when her husband is nomore and when she is in her old age, her sons should protect her. And in case, if exists no body as such, then people of her own caste should look after her. And in absence of caste people, the king should take care of such woman. As Smritis have said, the king acts like a sustainer and a master, when relatives and community are not existing. In nutshell women are never to be given an independent life. It means that, a husbandless woman should not disconnect her self from her paternal relations. Manu Maharaj says, 'A woman from any age group-child-dolesent-youth or old - should not do any work independently even in her own house. A woman should never desire a separation from her father, husband and son, because such separation causes ill talks for both the sides.
English
They shall never touch males who are not their close relatives and (especially) when they are young shall never speak to young persons who are not their nearest relatives unless absolutely necessary.
Gujarati
અને તે વિધવા સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે પોતાના સમીપ સંબંધ વિનાના જે પુરુષ તેમનો સ્પર્શ કયારેય ન કરવો અને પોતાની યુવાવસ્થાને વિષે અવશ્ય કાર્ય વિના સમીપ સંબંધ વિનાના જે યુવા પુરુષ તેમની સાથે કયારેય પણ બોલવું નહિ.
Spanish
Nunca se toque ningún hombre que no tiene ninguna relación más cercana en la sangre. viudas jóvenes nunca se habla a los hombres jóvenes sin absoluta necesidad.
Explanation
Near relations means father, brother, son etc. near relatives. A widow should not touch the people who are not her near relatives, though they may be from her own community or caste. She should not touch them knowingly.And if they are youth, she should not converse with them without a purposeful work, though they may be from relatives or non-relatives. This includes talking eye- to-eye. Achaarasaar says, 'A brahmin, a widow, a cotton cloth, an earthen utensil, etc become impure on a touch, shadow or a glance at it. The word touch needs a careful treatment. That is to be treated on this line: The scriptures have permitted a life of celibacy to such widow women who are either capable of living a life of celibacy or are pregnant or have infants to feed them. As a male celibate loses his hard earned celibacy on preaching Katha-varta to a woman or on a eye-to-eye look at the woman, in similar way a woman celibate loses her hard earned celibacy on listening to praises or follies of a man or on looking eye-to-eye a man. And loss of celibacy is loss of everything for them. Therefore, a widow should not touch a man. Smriti Artha Saar has said: A widow if becomes amorous on seeing a man, falls from her celibacy and goes to hell with her past three generations. Parashara has said: A woman with her wicked mind desires for other man, becomes a sinner and goes to hellish hell. Therefore, Manu Maharaj has said in Shudra Kamalakara: The woman, whose husband has expired, should burn to ashes root to leaves her sensual desires, and should not look even to the faces of other men. They should live a life of a celibate with complete hold on all sense organs. In the same scripture, Yama has said: Eighty eight thousand celibate Munis from Brahmin caste died without producing progeny practicing celibacy on death of her husband attains heaven like a celibate, though she may have no son. Here no objection to the touch by a near relative is applicable only in the case of her protection. Everybody should know this. Parashara also says: Deities too are incapable to know truly the acts, character and mind of a woman, then what could be said for the men on this earth with the mind torn by sensual desires. Therefore, such woman should be protected well by her father-in-law, brother-in-law, father and brother. The relatives should keep such woman under their control, as they are bound by their nature to becomes amorous. Manu Smriti says: They should not touch even to their relatives without an important work. This relaxation is valid for emergency work. In such circumstances there is no draw back if spoken or touched. In short, one should act in such manner so that the person and personal religion are not harmed.
English
Touching any male child is harmless as touching a cattle and touching or talking to old man is equally harmless, if it is inevitable.
Gujarati
અને ધાવણો જે બાળક તેના સ્પર્શને વિષે તો જેમ પશુને અડી જવાય અને દોષ નથી તેમ દોષ નથીઃ અને કોઇ અવશ્યનું કામકાજ પડે તેને વિષે કોઇક વૃદ્ધ પુરુષને અડી જવાય તથા તે વૃદ્ધ સાથે બોલાય તેને વિષે દોશ નથી.
Spanish
Tocar cualquier hijo varón es inofensivo como tocar un ganado y tocar o hablar con el hombre viejo es igual de inofensivo, si es inevitable.
Explanation
The suckling child means a child surviving on mother's milk - an infant. Such child means a male child of such age if touched, does not entail sin, as it's touch is like a touch of the calf of a cow. Both are innocent. It is also said that in relation to carnal desires and fulfillment of such carnal desires, a man after his age of forty is considered as worned off stuff. Therefore, there is no harm in touching or talking to such man. Widow woman gets sensually disturbed on touch of a man, and therefore, such objection exists for such touch. But it appears that such sensual disturbance is not taking place on touching a child or an old man. As this contains word 'etc', widow women are forbided to walk along a man on the road. Skanda Purana has said that all sensual disturbances are rooted in the youth, therefore, man and woman should practice these rules minutely.
English
TThey shall not receive lessons of any kind from males who are not their nearest relatives and shall control their bodies an senses by frequent observances of various Vratas and fasts.
Gujarati
અને તે વિધવા સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે પોતાના સમીપ સંબંધ વિનાના જે પુરુષ તે થકી કોઇપણ વિદ્યા ન ભણવી અને વ્રત ઉપવાસે કરીને વારંવાર પોતાના દેહનું દમન કરવું.
Spanish
Incluso aprender cosas buenas de un hombre que no tiene ninguna relación cercana con su sangre, se debe evitar. Las viudas ejercerá el control sobre su cuerpo y los sentidos por la observancia de los frecuentes ayunos y austeridades.
Explanation
A widow should not receive education from the people who are not related to her, because it brings in untoward results. If such woman desires to listen and learn Katha-Varta of God, she should learn it from her father and brother or relatives, but in no case from others. That is the desired meaning of this preaching. Also, such a woman should punish and purify her body and spirit by undergoing Vratta and fasting time and again. That would purify her from unknown touch of an unknown man. There are more instructions in Nirnaya Sindhu in this regard: A widow decorating her hair locks in a bun, consigns her husband to hell. Therefore, she should either shave off her hair on the head or should tie it on her scalp like on ascetic. A widow should eat once in a day and should not eat twice a day, except in case of an emergency. She should under take month long fasting penance and should undergo chandrayana Vratt . Widow if sleeps on a bedstead, consigns her husband to hell. And a widow should not take oil massage on her person and should not ride a bull even for a cost of her life. She should not wear a bodice and should not put on a strange dress. Such woman should undergo special penance in the months of Vaishakha, Kartika and Maha, and should undertake special Vratt in additional month and in monsoon. Narada Purana says that a widow attracts sin if she does not perform Ekadashi Vratt: An ascetic and a widow woman are cosigned to the hell of Andhatamisra uptill the day of final destruction, if they don't do Vratt of Ekadashi. A widow, if eats food on ekadashi day, loses all her punya, and on even following day she attains sin of killing a brahmin. Above, was the observation of Katyayan.
English
They shall not give any money even for religious and charitable purpose, if the money is just sufficient for their maintenance, but if it be in excess, then only they may give some.
Gujarati
અને તે વિધવા સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે પોતાના ઘરમાં પોતાના જીવનપર્યત દેહનિર્વાહ થાય એટલું જ જો ધન હોય તો તે ધન જે તે કર્મકાર્યને વિષે પણ ન આપવું અને જો તેથી અધિક હોય તો આપવું.
Spanish
La riqueza mantenida por las viudas de los medios de subsistencia no se pasó incluso para uso filantrópico. Ella dará sólo si posee más.
Explanation
Because, the donation of such livelihood wealth, compells her to serve others and thus brings her down from her personal religion. Does this mean that a widow should not donate money for the religious purpose? To solve a ridde like this the words 'more than', have been used to indicate surplus wealth. therefore, a widow should donate such wealth for religious purpose, which is more than their necessary requirements. Otherwise it may attract the sin of irreligious act if they don't donate dispite their capability of donating. Vidurji has said, 'Oh King ! The three are really without wealth: the woman, the servant and the son. Wealth belongs to the one, who has it's possession. Then, don't pose a quation that how could be a wealth of a woman? Because her husbands right on such wealth is limited to the authority to protect it, but has no right to spend it.' Smritis have said, 'Even in the religious purposes, a man should not use the wealth of a woman. And after death of her husband, she is the whole and sole to protect it. Woman's wealth is of six kind: Adhyagni (the wealth receive by her at the time of her marriage in witness of sacred fire), Adhyavahanik (is the wealth received by her when she leaves her fathers house for her first arrival to her husband's house), the wealth received as gift of love (is the wealth given to her with love by her mother-in-law, father-in-law, and by other elders at husband's house), the wealth received from her brother, the wealth received from her mother and the wealth received form her husband. These six are woman's wealth. Yagyavalkya has said that this woman's wealth can not be taken away by her relatives: 'The brother who takes away the wealth from his living sister, should be punished like a thief by the king. The ornaments given to the woman when her husband was alive, can not be divided into the parts, and one who divides it, suffers the pains in hell.
English
They shall take food once a day only, shall sleep on the floor and shall never knowingly look at any living beings in coitus.
Gujarati
અને વિધવા સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે એકવાર આહાર કરવો અને પૃથ્વીને વિષે સૂવું અને મૈથુનાસકત એવા પશુ પક્ષી આદિક જીવ પ્રણીમાત્ર તેમને જોવા નહિ.
Spanish
Tendrán comida una vez al día y dormir en el suelo. Nunca se mira a los animales, incluso a su convivencia sexy.
Explanation
These widows should take only one meal during the day, and should not take any meal on Vratt or fasting days. They should sleep on the floor, but should not sleep on a cot. In Vidhava Dharma chapter of Skanda Purana, it is said: They should abandon all sense objects and pleasures, should eat only once a day, should not sleep during day time, and should not sleep on a cot except in unavoidable circumstances'. Further to this, it is said: They should not look at purposefully to the people indulged in sexual acts, as it causes immediate anxiety of the mind and leads the viewer to a breach in his celibacy. Skanda Purana has said that in it's Vidhava Dharma chapter that one should not look knowingly at animals indulged in sexual intercourse.
English
They shall never dress as married woman nor like a nun or a female, recluse. They shall never put on an immodest dress.
Gujarati
અને તે વિધવા સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે સુવાસિની સ્ત્રીના જેવો વેષ ન ધારવો તથા સન્યાસણી તથા વૈરાગણી તેના જેવો વેષ ન ધારવો અને પોતાના દેશ કુળ અને આચર તેને વિરુદ્ધ એવો જે વેષ તે પણ કયારેય ન ધારવો.
Spanish
Nunca se visten de mujer casada o como una monja o una mujer, reclusa. Nunca se puso un vestido inmodesto.
Explanation
These widows should not put on dress similar to a married woman with husband living. A widow should not wear a dress similar to a Sanyasini like woman, who loiters to cheat people through her external appearance. Also they should (those widows) not wear a dress similar to a renounced one. Widows should not wear such dress which is contrary to the place, caste, lineage, customs and traditions. Supporting proofs in this regard may be had from the Smritis mentioned above.
English
They shall never associate with nor even touch women who practice abortion, nor shall indulge in or hear amorous talks regarding males.
Gujarati
અને ગર્ભની પાડનારી જે સ્ત્રી તેનો સંગ ન કરવો અને તેનો સ્પર્શ પણ ન કરવો અને પુરુષના શૃંગારસર સંબંધી જે વાતો તે કયારેય ન કરવી અને ન સાંભળવી.
Spanish
Ni se mantendrá amistad con, ni tocar las señoras que aborto pendiente. Y nunca hablar o escuchar las conversaciones amorosas de los hombres.
Explanation
The woman who do abortions, means such woman who undertakes abortions of pregnant woman with the help of herbal medicines. Widow should not keep company of such woman who do abortions, and should not touch them. Their company attracts the sin of debauchery and the touch of such woman attracts the sin of touch. In similar way, a widow should not indulge in talk about amorous stories of man or should not talk about amorous stories of man or should not talk about their amorous acts and should not listen to such discussions, because, talking about or listening to such talk disturbs mind and such disturbance results into breach of celibacy. Support to this can be had from Shankh Smritis
English
Young widows shall never stay alone in a lonely place even with their close relatives, who are also young, except in exigency.
Gujarati
અને યુવા અવસ્થાને વિષે રહી એવી જે વિધવા સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે યુવા અવસ્થાવાળા જે પોતાના સંબંધી પુરુષ તેમની સંગાથે પણ એકાંત સ્થળને વિષે આપત્કાળ પડયા વિના ન રહેવું.
Spanish
Excepto bajo condiciones críticas una viuda que es mayor de edad los menores no deberá permanecer con el hombre joven en un lugar solitario, sin embargo pariente más cercano que sea.
Explanation
The widows in their youth, should not stay in a lonely place even with their youthful blood relations like father or brother, except in the case of real exception, as a fire burning forcefully due to wind becomes unavoidable, in similar way carnal desires becomes enough forceful in such circumstances to overcome the world. Therefore youths and young ladies should not live togather in a lonely place. Even a mother or a son are not exception in it as per the truth pronounced by Jaimini in the scriptures.
English
They shall never play Holy nor shall ever put on ornaments and /or fine cloths interspersed with thread of gold or such other metals (materials).
Gujarati
અને હોળીની રમત ન કરવી ને આભૂષણાદિકનું ધારણ ન કરવું અને સુવર્ણાદિક ધાતુના તારે યુકત એવા ઝીણા વસ્ત્ર તેનું ધારણ પણ કયારેય ન કરવું.
Spanish
Las viudas no pagará 'Santo' y nunca caer en usar adornos o vestirse en capas finas prendas delicadas entretejida con hilos de plata u oro.
Explanation
The widows should not participate by throwing colors etc in sports of Holi. They should not wear golden ornaments. As there is word 'etc' suffixed to ornaments, they should not use ornaments and other auspicious signs like Kumkum, Kajal etc used by a married woman. They should never use all these things . Gold and other ornamental metals. The clothes woven with the threads of such metals, and superfine clothes of cotton or silk, should not be used by a widow. Because, all these items are for those married woman whose husbands are alive. The evidence for these have been given earlier.
English
All female followers, married (including virgins also) and widows shall never take bath without clothes on their person. They shall never conceal the period of their menstruation.
Gujarati
અને સુવાસિની અને વિધવા એવી જે સ્ત્રીઓ તેમણે વસ્ત્ર પહેર્યા વિના ન્હાવું નહિ અને પોતાનું જે રજસ્વલાપણું તે કોઇ પ્રકારે ગુપ્ત ન રાખવું.
Explanation
Now explains the common religious duties of widows and all other women. The duties of those married woman whose husbands are alive, have been given in these two Shlokas. The woman whose husbands are alive, and the widows, should not take bath without cloth on their person, because doing so is an insult to deity Varuna. Bhagwan has said to Gopis: You are practising Vratt, and now having bath in the river without cloth on your person. That is an insult of the deity.' Same is applicable to men also, therefore, no man should take a naked bath. Suvrata has said, 'To have a naked bath or to sleep without cloth on person, both are acts worth condemnation for a man.' Vasishtha Smriti says, 'Never to ride a bullock, donkey or a camel, never to cajole a woman in day time and never to take a naked bath, naked walk or naked sleep. Shankha Smriti says 'Do a one day fasting on a day time sexual intercourse, on bathing in water without cloth on person, and on looking at a naked woman of others.'As the women of the world have shared with Indra one quarter sin of the Brahmhatya committed by him, that share of sin in women appears every month in the form of menstruation. This should not be kept secret. Such woman in menstruation, should not join domestic chores, and should not touch others. The touch of a woman in her menstruation period attracts sin of killing a brahmin. Shrimad Bhagwat has said,' women have accepted that share of sin with a carnal desire and therefore it appears in every woman every month in the form of menstruation. Therefore, touching utensils and other domestic objects during such period attracts major calamity. More details on this can be had from famous religious story of "Rushi Panchami Katha."
English
During the menstrual period, they shall not touch human being, clothes or vessels etc. for three days. They are free to do that only on the fourth day after taking the purifying bath.
Gujarati
અને વળી રજસ્વલા એવી જે સુવાસીની અને વિધવા સ્ત્રીઓ તે ત્રણ દિવસ સુધી કોઇ મનુષ્યને તથા વસ્ત્રાદિકને અડે નહિ અને ચોથે દિવસે નાહીને અડવું (એવી રીતે ગૃહસ્થાશ્રમી એવા જે પુરુષ અને સ્ત્રીઓ, તેમના જે આ વિશેષ ધર્મ કહ્યા, તે સર્વ ધર્મવંશી આચાર્ય અને તેમની પત્નીઓ તેમણે પણ પાળવા, કેમ કે એ ગૃહસ્થ છે.
Spanish
Durante el periodo menstrual, no tocarán el ser humano, ropa o etc buques durante tres días. Son libres de hacerlo sólo en el cuarto día después de tomar el baño purificador..
Explanation
The woman who menstruates is called during such period the woman in her monthly course. Such woman, during her monthly course, should not touch human being. There is no fault in touching animals, but they are supposed not to touch clothes, earthen utensils and other domestic objects. Shloka prohibits those acts for immediate three days. Here 'day' means the period between two sun rise i.e. Whole day and following whole night together makes a day here. As defilement is observed for a day and following night on touching a dead body, here in this case, a day includes day and night both. She should not touch anybody knowingly. Such woman should take a complete, body and head bath on the fourth day, and should touch the domestic objects and others thereafter. Bhavishyottar Purana has said, 'A woman on the first day of her monthly course is a chandali (a sinful woman of the lowest caste), on her second day she is like a killer of Brahmin, and on third such day she is a washer woman and becomes pure on the fourth day.' Vishnu Dharmottar Purana prescribes the religious duties of a woman during her monthly course: such woman should not use milk and milk products, flowers, ornaments, kumkum - kajal, fragrances, wooden but decorated Bajath (a backless low seat) as seat, a bedstead, touching fire, for first three days. Daksha also says that a woman in her monthly course should not do enointment on her body, should not do travelling, and should not use tooth cleanser. Such woman should stay away from bathing, mouth fresheners and day time sleeping. Now understand some more in this connection. If menstruation begins during a night, then divide that night in three parts and if that menstruation has appeared during first two parts of that night, then treat it on the earlier day and if appeared during third such part of that night, count it in the following day. Some Smritis opine that if such menstruation appears before midnight or before the sunrise, then the previous day should be counted as the first day. As per Nirnaya Sidhu, the counting of such period should be as per customs and treditions of the place. If such menstruation appears with in the span of seventeen days, purification is enough by a simple bath, but if appears again on the eighteenth day then the period of one night should be observed as menstruation period, and such happening on the nineteenth day, requires complete observation of period for full two days. Appearance on the twentieth day needs three days for the observation of impurity. If one woman in her menstruation touches another such woman unknowingly, they should perform bath for self purification and if such touch is with knowledge , they should under go fasting for self purification and should take Panchagavya. Parashara Smriti says: If a woman in her menstruation touches to such a woman of Brahmin or Kshatriya caste, she then should have to undergo Ardha Kruchha Vratta, for self purification, and if touches to such a woman of other community or caste, she will have to take a bath with clothes on for personal purification. A simple bath with clothes on person is enough for the purification on the touch of a fallen one, a sinful person, a woman in her maternity period, a woman in her monthly course, a dead body and a person who has touched dead body. Also it purifies the one who has shaved, has done intercourse, has smelt smoke of a burning dead body. Rishi Ushanas has shown the path for a ablution bath in Nirnaya Sindhu when a woman in her fourthday of menstruation undergoes a fever: On the fourthday of such woman under fever other woman should touch that woman and should take bath on her behalf with clothes on, and should repeat such bathing act atleast ten to twelve times, with a sip of pure water every time with his right hand palm and, thereafter, she should leave those touched clothes to purify both of them. This ablative ritual is equally applicable for purification of any sick person. Now what should be done if a Vratt or fasting day fall within first three days of the menstruation period? Madan Parijata of Matsya Purana shows the solution: In such Situation, Poojan etc should be performed by others on her behalf and she herself should do fasting of these days. Parashara has explained the way out for an extraordinary situation: ablutive Fasting should be enough for the purification in the circumstances like marriage, festival, sacred-fire, political turmoil, escape from a country, desert region and forests.
English
All Naisthic Brahmacharis who are My followers shall never touch nor speak with nor even knowingly look at any female.
Gujarati
હવે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારીના જે વિશેષ ધર્મ તે કહીએ છીએ: અમારે આશ્રિત એવા જે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારી તેમણે સ્ત્રીમાત્રનો સ્પર્ષ ન કરવો અને સ્ત્રીઓ સંગાથે બોલવું નહિ અને જાણીને તે સ્ત્રીઓ સન્મુખ જોવું નહિ.
Spanish
El Brahmacharins que reciben la iniciación de tomar el celibato durante toda la vida se llaman aquí Varnies. El Varnies dedicados que son mis discípulos no ver o hablar con las señoras deliberadamente. No podrán discutir acerca de las señoras y no llevará a cabo los ritos diarias tales como bañarse, etc Sandhya Vandanas en lugares habitualmente visitados por las mujeres.
Explanation
The religious duties of the celibates have been described in the following thirteen Shlokas. My dependents means my disciples. The disciples who are to practice celibacy up till their last breath of life. Naishthik Vratta means absolute celibacy 'Varnin' means praiseworthy. The one who deserves a praise. According to Mallinath: The glory and praise that one earns on his absolute celibacy by leaving all the eight types of intercourse. These eight types in intercourse have been defined well in Agnipurana: To listen to a woman, to talk about a woman, to copulate, to see a woman, to talk secretly to a woman, to wish for a woman, to desire firmly for a woman and to have pleasures with a woman. These eight have been taken as various types of the copulation. Opposite to these eight, stand the attributes of a celibate. A celibate would not touch a woman knowingly, would not talk to her knowingly, would not establish even a dialogue with her. Shrimad Bhagwat says, An ascetic should keep himself away from touching, talking or cajoling with a woman and should not glance at the copulating couple.Here in, all the women have been restricted, but a doubt raised in these of contradicting Smritis allowing touch of real mother, step mother or a perceptors wife as it is not harmful as per those Smritis. For removal of this anomaly it is to be clarified that such touch and a permission for such touch stands valid only in the circumstances of Upakurvanaka. Means, if mother has expired and if her other son/sons are not there to perform funeral rites such as giving fire to her pyre, in that case a celibate-son can do it without attracting any sin or drawback. Such a touch is not harmful. Now, with reference to this, Muni Deval has said in his Trishata Shloki Tika, 'A celibate should not carry any dead body and should not engage himself in any such acts, and he would have to undergo against a purifying Sanskar if he acts so'. 'This objection is applicable to all the circumstances excepting the dead body of his father, as per Nirnaya Sindhu. Manu says, 'A man with celibacy, if carries dead body of his perceptor, teacher, mother, father, or Guru on their death, does not attract any sin or drawback.' Kaladarsha has said, 'A celibate does not attract any sin or fall from his celibacy if he attends or performs funeral rites of his preceptor, mother, father or maternal father. On other occasions, even like touching the feet of Guru's wife while paying respect to her, are treated as, forbidden acts. Moreover, it is said in the thirty seventh chapter of the Kashi Khanda of Skanda Purana that the inherent nature of a woman is very agile, therefore it is treated as harmful to man. The wise people never fall a prey to a womanly relation because such relation brings down fall equally even in the lives of worldly wise and laymen. If we think about gazing a woman, we can learn well from the occasion of great celibate Narada and Parvata who became mokey faced on looking at the charming arm and hand of the princess of king Ambarisha, and on becoming amorous due to such scene.