Shikshapatri (Shlocks 176-212)

Gujarati

અને તે સ્‍ત્રીઓની વાર્તા કયારેય ન કરવી અને સાંભળવી અને જે સ્‍થાનકને વિષે સ્‍ત્રીઓનો પગફેર હોય તે સ્‍થાનકને વિષે સ્‍નાનાદિક ક્રિયા કરવા ન જવું.

Spanish

El Brahmacharins que reciben la iniciación de tomar el celibato durante toda la vida se llaman aquí Varnies. El Varnies dedicados que son mis discípulos no ver o hablar con las señoras deliberadamente. No podrán discutir acerca de las señoras y no llevará a cabo los ritos diarias tales como bañarse, etc Sandhya Vandanas en lugares habitualmente visitados por las mujeres.

Explanation

They should never talk of the woman. Narada says, Those who are not householder and are practicing celibacy, should stay away from talking to a woman, as the human sense has great power beyond nobody's control, it defeats the mind of an ascetic.' They should not pay an ear to a talking woman, and Mokshadharma therefore, advises precisely: Don't listen to a talk of a woman.' A conversation or dialogue is treated as a tool of carnal desire. Moksha Dharma has said, 'Carnal desire only is the obstacle for the man on his way to emancipation - salvation, there is no other bondage except this. One who gets himself free from the bondage of desire emancipates himself. The man who learns the way of removing carnal desire, surpass easily the pains caused by carnal desires. Now about the objection stated against the bathing etc at the places where women used to come and go. Here in this Shloka 'bathing' includes all the acts concerning wash and toilet. And also should know that in such places and in such acts, one should not remember or recall memory and occasions of a woman.

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Gujarati

અને દેવતાની પ્રતિમાં વિના બીજી જે સ્‍ત્રીની પ્રતિમાં ચરિત્રની અથવા કાષ્‍ઠદિકની હોય તેનો સ્‍પર્ષ ન કરવો અને જાણીને તો તે પ્રતિમાને જોવી પણ નહી.

Spanish

No intencionalmente tocar ni mirar los retratos o imágenes de las mujeres a pesar de que está hecha de madera o de metal, excepto las imágenes de diosas.

Explanation

Idols of Goddesses means, idols of Goddess Lakshimiji and others. Idols means statues and shapes made from wood, metal, stone, paper etc substances by carving, sculpturing, drawing or painting on such substances. Such female idols, if are not of any Goddess, should not be touched or looked at it. Narada Pancharatra has said, 'A woman's idol, though may be in the form of a picture, should not be gazed at with sense. Shrimad Bhagwat says that celibate should not touch even with his feet, the idol of a woman-a lady.

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Gujarati

અને તે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારી તેમણે સ્‍ત્રીની પ્રતિમાં ન કરવી, અને સ્‍ત્રીએ પોતાના શરીર ઉપર ધારેલું જે વસ્‍ત્ર તેને અડવું નહિ અને મૈથુનાસક્ત એવા જે પશુ-પક્ષી આદિક પ્રાણી માત્ર તેમને જાણીને જોવા નહિ.

Spanish

Nunca se hacen imágenes o dibujos de damas, nunca toque la ropa de las mujeres y no mirar a los animales en el estado de ánimo sexuales voluntariamente.

Explanation

These celibate should not draw an idol of women. Here word 'women' excludes Goddesses. They should not touch knowingly the garments put on by women. This excludes washed clothes, washed and wet clothes, dried clothes after a wash, new garments and the garments not used by a woman. That explanation has been extended by Dharmopadesha. And about sexual union, the birds and the beast engaged in such acts should not be looked at with knowledge - by a celibate. Shrimad Bhagwat has said earlier much on this topic.

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Gujarati

અને સ્‍ત્રીના વેષને ધરી રહ્યો એવો જે પુરુષ તેને અડવું નહિ અને તેની સામે જોવું નહિ અને તે સાથે બોલવું નહિ અને સ્‍ત્રીનો ઉદેશ કરીને ભગવાનની કથા, વાર્તા, કીર્તન પણ ન કરવાં.

Spanish

Ellos ni se mira ni tocar siquiera un hombre que se disfraza de mujer. Y no se cantan canciones, incluso en la grandeza de Dios delante de las señoras.

Explanation

The celibates should not touch or look at the people dressed as a married or a widowed woman, because such look or touch encourages desires for a woman. This is the hidden meaning behind such order. Also should not sing the praises of God which women can listen to at a distance, because, such singing helps in thinking about a woman unconsciously and attracts drawback in his Vratta as a celibate.

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Gujarati

અને તે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારી તેમણે પોતાના બ્રહ્મચર્યવ્રતનો તયાગ થાય એવું જે વચન તે તો પોતાના ગુરુનું પણ ન માનવું ને સદાકાળ ધીરજવાન રહેવું અને સંતોષે યુકત રહેવું ને માને રહિત રહેવું.

Spanish

No debe obedecer cualquier orden abandonar su voto de celibato, aunque se da por su Gurú. Vivirán siempre una vida de auto-satisfecha con una mente firme y humildad.

Explanation

These eight things are not harmful to a vow of celibacy: water , roots, fruits, milk, sacred sacrifice, fulfilling a wish of a brahmin, words of a Guru and a medicine. Smritis have unanimously asked all disciples to obey to the order of a Guru. And on the strength of this sentence here it is said that the orders from a preceptor should not be practised by a disciple if such orders are to effect adversely an a vow of celibacy. Linga Purana describes the attributes of celibacy: celibacy means not to indulge in sexual intercourse by any means like mind, speech, body and actions. This is celibacy of an ascetic or a celibate. It tells more for those celibates who are womanless in their lives and those who are in their Vanprastha and have detached themselves from householdership, as their renouncement is of superior level. The words of a Guru, if are harmful to a vow of celibacy, are not to be followed or obeyed to by a disciple. The Smritis, advocating follow up of the words of Guru by a disciple, advocates so, in relation to Vratta, fasting, illness, and food during adverse time, therefore no support from such statements should be taken in relation to breach in great Vrattas. Shrimad Bhagwat says, Lord Brahma gave birth to his sons Sanaka, Sanand, Sanatana and Sanatkumar and then asked those self-disciplined sons to produce sons, but those sons who were desirous of benediction and were at the refuge of Lord Vasudeva Narayana , did not desired to produce progeny. 'Skandapurana has said, 'Asked them to produce progeny, but as those celibate sons refused, Brahma became angry.' Celibacy is the only means to attain Brahm, therefore, it is principal amongst all the means. Chhandogya Smriti says, 'The Brahm Loka could be attained only by an absolute celibacy. Celibacy it self is an Yagya. A knower of ultimate knowledge attains Brahm Loka on the strength of his celibacy. The celibacy is the ultimate good for everybody. Meditation through celibacy provides proximity of supreme God.' 'Indra practised absolute celibacy for the one hundred years in Brahma and become it known as Brahm Loka. It is beyond all religious tenets and Brahm Loka is attainable by it etc. Sanat Sujatiya says, 'The blissful Brahm can not be attained swiftly. 'The highest knowledge is attainable by celibacy by merging intellect in the mind.' Geeta says, Seekers of ultimate knowledge live a life of celibacy.' In Shrishti Khanda of Padma Purana it is said: celibate is the best virtue for a brahmin born in Brahmin lineage. Even Brahma in his heavenly abode adorns celibacy as a best ornament. The Brahmic virtue of a Brahmin is rooted deeply in celibacy. Those are the observations from the knowers of Brahm dwelling in the other world. Dharma (religion) resides in celibacy, Tapa (penance) resides in celibacy, and Brahmin who have practised celibacy, reside in heaven. Ultimate achievement is not possible without Yoga. The glory and greatness are not possible without ultimate achievement. Such glory and greatness are not attained without a penance, and such glory is not greater than celibacy. No other penance is required by the one who renounces himself from five sense objects and maintains absolute celibacy. There is no other penance greater than celibacy. Here in above the scripture and enlightened rishis have discussed the celibacy with a stress more on women and a relationship with such women, and as there is risk of attracting sin by such relationship, they have rejected in total any such relationship with a woman. The sin of such relation requires a greater atonement for purification of such a sinner. Yagyavalkya says, 'A celibate if goes to a woman, attracts sin for himself, and for an atonement of such sin he is required to perform a holy-fire. Nairut is the deity of that holy-fire and a donkey is the sacrifice for self purification of a sinner.' Vasishta has said, 'If a celibate goes to a woman, he would undergo an atonement for self purification in darkness of night of the last day of the month. Such holy-fire for his atonement would be presided by deity-Rakshasa (demon) and one eyed donkey is the sacrifice. Such holyfire of atonement should be performed in a forest in a square or in public fire or such a sinner should purify himself by eating from the sacrificial pot of such holy-fire. Gautam has said, 'Such a sinner should put on his person an animal hyde with the hair standing on its surface, should hold a begging bowl of iron and should beg a meal from seven houses while narrating loudly and repeatedly the sinful event in a repentive mood. If such a woman belongs to Vaishya-caste, the sinner should undergo such atonement for an year, in Kshatriya - caste that should be for two years and in the case of a Brahmin woman, the sinner will have to do so for three years. Vasistha Smriti extends two options namely riding a donkey or holding sacrificial offering of Nairut - Yagya. The spiritually wise have suggested sacred fire with a donkey as sacrifice for those sinners who are Rajas and Tamas by nature and have suggested to hold sacrificial offering of Nairut holy fire for the sinners with Sattvik nature. As non-violence is cardinal among the principles, it is most proper in Kali Yuga to hold sacrificial pot of Nairut holy fire. For more details on this topic, one should refer to Mitakshara treatise. As an atonement in breach of celibacy is very hard, it is good for a celibate to disobey to a Guru and such orders from a Guru which may endanger a vow of celibacy. In Gobhil Sutras of Kritya Chintamani the teachings are to be considered on the line drawn above. Moreover, it is preached that one should obey to his Acharya - preceptor, failing which shall be an irreligious act, discard your anger and untruth, stay away from sexual intercourse, don't sleep on a cot, don't shave, don't intoxicate, don't eat meat, don't sit in a vehicle pulled by a cow. The atonement mentioned above is in relation to a woman who is not ranked at par to preceptors wife (Guru-Patni) and such other women. The atonement's in such great sin by a celibate is very hard and extremely painful, therefore, smaller atonement's like Avikirnavratta of the twelve years can not destroy a great sin of a celibate. And the atonement's in whole prescribed against the breach in celibacy of a celibate is not just, because Mitakshara it self suggest an atonement in double amount for a celibate in comparison to that of the other Ashrams of life. Prayashchit Mayukh and Mitakshara prescribes Nairut Yaag atonement in case of ejaculation of semen in absence of a woman and for ejaculation of semen with the help of the hand. Vasishta has said in Mitakshara, 'One should undergo an atonement Vratta on an intentional ejaculation and ejaculation of semen during a dreamstate. Lord Manu and Lord Vishnu has said about the atonement for ejaculation during a dream: 'If a celibate ejaculates his semen during a dream state, he should take complete bath, perform fasting for the day and should meditate upon Gayatri hymn. If such ejaculation is willful, the fasting should be for a day and a night both.' Mitakshara prescribes Nairut Yaag also to the householders ejaculating during a prescribed period of celibacy for performing Ekadashi Vratta, Chandrayana and Yagya Deeksha Vratta. Yama suggests an atonement of three Pranayama and one thousand Gayatri-hymn meditation for a householder ejaculating on the earth.

A celibate should be calm and steadfast. The state of such calmness is a state in which one acts in a well composed way despite mental disturbance. One who lives with full satisfaction by the meals received in begging as a monk. One should not go to a rich man's house with a desire for tasty food. Bhagwat has said, 'A Brahmin, who has satisfaction with the things he has received as per his destiny, becomes brighter in his brightness, and an unsatisfied Brahmin destroys himself. One who has ego is called a egoist, and those who does not have, are called egofree. One should live without ego-pride. Egolessness is one of the foremost tool for attainging place in the service of God. Shrimad Bhagwad Geeta says, 'One who is free from ego and attraction, victorious on his weaknesses, lives at spiritual plane, free from carnal desires, free from the conflicts between happiness and sorrows and possesses absolute knowledge about ultimate reality, attains everlasting position near his God. Vidur Niti has opined that the ego is the cause of all the losses: oldage destroys beauty and charms, hope destroys calmness, death destroys vital air, malice destroys a Dharmacharya, anger destroys wealth, services of a non-aryan destroys character, desire destroys intellect and ego destroys everything.

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Gujarati

અને બળાત્‍કારે કરીને પોતાને અતિશય સમીપ આવતી એવી જે સ્‍ત્રી તેને બોલીને અથવા તિરસ્‍કાર કરીને પણ તુરંત વારવી પણ સમીપે આવવા દેવી નહિ.

Spanish

Si una mujer trata de avanzar más cerca de ellos, que al instante se detiene, por burlarse de ella.

Explanation

Now in following two Shloka explains that there is nothing wrong in speaking to a woman or touching her in times of great trouble. A woman - whether she has soft feelings or has not, if comes closer forcefully, should be asked orally to go away, and evenif, she did not go away, should insulher with harsh words to send her off. But she should not be touched in any case, as a touch is a cause of damaging the eighth celibacy. Vayu Purana has said that a spiritually wise should put in such efforts which protects his greater vows. On completion of moral duty during a high time, one should undergo an universally proper atonement and should stay with his cardinal ethical duty, that is the principle laid down by Shritis.

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Gujarati

અને જો કયારેક સ્‍ત્રીઓનો અથવા પોતાનો પ્રાણનાશ થાય એવો આ,ત્‍કાળ આવી પડે, ત્‍યારે તો તે સ્‍ત્રીઓને અડીને અથવા તે સાથે બોલીને પણ તે સ્‍ત્રીઓની રક્ષા કરવી, અને પોતાની પણ રક્ષા કરવી.

Spanish

Pero cuando se encuentran con que su propia vida o la vida de una mujer está en peligro en cualquier momento, que salvará su vida o su propia vida por hablar con ella o incluso por tocarla.

Explanation

In case of fire, flood, or attack by animals with jaws or horns, or may be killer disease, and in circumstances as such the lives of self and or women are endangered, then in such circumstances, even by touching them, lives of such women should be saved, and life should be protected by speaking with them. If there is emergency or danger, the words like "there, there are deep waters, don't move to that side' this that and other dialogues should be initiated from either side in according to emergency, and lives should be saved. The cardinal principle 'Life is above everything' prevails here. A touch of woman attracts a minor atonement, but ignoring loss of life attracts a greater sin. Therefore, with due mercy lives should be saved as per personal capacity. That is the central idea of this preaching. As per Shrimad Bhagwat amnesty is the supreme among the religious duties: Oh Sinfree! All Vedas, holy-fires, penance and donations together are not equal to a fraction of a donation of amnesty.' A man should avoid death by the force of all his intellect, and the death has not avoided despite that, then he would not be at any fault for such death.' 'Protection of life is the highest religion, and any act opposite to it is highly irreligious, therefore, a spiritually wise should act at his best in a religious practice.' Those are the words from Yama Smriti. Daankhanda of Vishnu Dharmottar says, 'A man in a risk to his life, should not hesitate to accept the donation of life from a person from the lowest caste. Because a living man achieve anything and everything, and the practice even that of the religion is possible only if one is alive. The body-person-it self is religion, therefore, it should be protected by all out efforts.' Bharat has said, 'At times, the fruits of great holy-fire diminishes, but the fruit of donating amnesty to a man never diminishes. 'It is absolutely equal, if there are great holy fires and donations are on one side and on the other side there is donation of amnesty to a Jiva.' That is the observation from Agni Puruna.

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Gujarati

અને તે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારી તેમણે પોતાને શરીરે તૈલમર્દન ન કરવું ને આયુધ ન ધારવું ને ભયંકર એવો જે વેષ તે ન ધારવો અને સરના ઇંદ્રિયને જીતવી.

Spanish

No se masaje su cuerpo con aceite y no se mantenga los brazos y no se puso ropa indecorosa. Y siempre conservarán su sentido del gusto bajo control.

Explanation

They shall not massage their bodies with oil. They shall not hold weapons like sword etc as it ignites violence, in intellect. Manu and Yogyavalkya have told Brahmins to hold weapons in times of real emergency. 'All twice-born (those who are wearing sacred thread) should hold weapons if religion is in peril. As the word weapon has 'etc' as it's suffix even a stick is not to be kept with. A dreadful dress means such attires, which are not appreciated either by the scripture or society. They should put on a dress of a cloth covering Kaupin (undergarment) and should wear a waist covering belt. That is to be understood. It suggest also an atonement for not wearing such dress: Shauch (ablution), Aachamana (sip water held in right hand palm), Sandhya Vandan (worship on sun rise, in noon and before dusk) and Agni-Hom. (worship of fire by sacred sacrifice) if not attended, and touched if by a Shudra (lower caste); if Kaupin (undergarment), Kati Sutra (waist covering belt), Yagyo Pavita (sacred threads), Mekhala (sacred chain), Danda (status-stick) and Mrig Charma (deer-skin) are not held; if slept in day time, if Chhatra (sheltering cover) Paduka (wooden foot wear) and Mala (rosary) are not held; if indulged luxurious bath, Sandal wood paste, eye lesh dice playing dancing, singing, or playing musical instruments, if conversed or talked with a hypocrite; in all such events, an atonement is a must for a celibate. 'For each such breach as is said by Kratu, a celibate is required to undergo total fasting for a night. Dharma Shastra my be referred for more details on it. Sense organ of taste should be controlled, as all sense could be won by winning the sense organ of taste. A man can not be called a person with an absolute control on all his Indriyas (sense organs) until he wins all his sense organs, and the victory on the sense organ of taste makes him victorious on all the tastes of sense objects.

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Gujarati

અને જે બ્રાહ્મણના ઘરને વિષે સ્‍ત્રી પીરસનારી હોય તેને ઘેર ભિક્ષા કરવા જવું નહિ ને જયાં પુરુષ પીરસનારો હોય ત્‍યા જવું.

Spanish

Los Estados miembros tienen que salir para mantener su mendicidad religiosa (por la comida) a los hogares de los brahmanes (solo), pero no ir a esas casas donde las mujeres tienen que servir la comida. En su lugar, irá a la casa de los brahmanes, donde los hombres pueden servir.

Explanation

They should not go to such houses of Brahmin caste where meals are served by a woman - maiden, a married or old-aged ladies of the house. Because, costing look at such a woman may attract a breach in celibacy. Here it is meant that only such houses are to be visited where meals are served by a male. In this Shloka above the word Brahmin stands due to exuberance of Brahmin caste and word 'meal' stands for cooked meals. Smritis have said that an ascetic and a celibate are required to take only cooked food in their Bhiksha (begging). Yagyavalkya has said that Bhiksha should be accepted only from spotless Brahmins. Mitakshara, further to it, says that Bhaksha should be taken from spotless-criticism free - brahmins who are not cursed, not fallen, not with a cat or a crane like nature. A pure food purifies one's mind and spirit. As per Chhandogya Shruti the purity of food fosters Sattva Guna in a man. Such Sattva - Guna fosters stead fastness of memory - and diminishes worldly desires - and worldlythoughts. Moksha Dharma says: It is the best to accept meal from those Brahmins who are wellversed in rituals, because a well regulated food from such Brahmin recedes the sins of Rajo Guna, and it withdraws the sense organs from the different sense objects.' Bhagwat says, 'Bhiksha (begging) should be repeated by accepted from Vanprasthi (those who are in third life stage) householders, because such meals in donation are free from desires and are surved with purity of mind and heart, therefore, such meals help in quicker achievements. In case of an emergency, following are the guidelines in Medha Tithi. Fresh meals should be accepted from Brahmin, Kshatriya and Vaishya, if no Brahmin is available, the Bhiksha (meal) may be accepted from a Kshatriya and if both - Brahmin and Kshatriya-are not available for a Bhiksha, same may be accepted from a Vaishya in this descending order of castes. The Smritis of survival in a critical time given in Mitakshara suggests that a Bhiksha may be accepted from all four castes. But such Bhiksha is of un-cooked meals. The cooked-meals in such circumstances, are acceptable only from those Brahmins who are firm in their personal religion. The celibates from Kshatriya and Vaishya castes, if takes meals from the householders of his own caste, there would be nothing wrong and if it is possible, they may take the meals from the householders belonging to the caste higher that the caste of the celibate . Same has been mentioned in other scriptures. Bhiksha should not be taken repeatedly from the same house to satisfy sense organ of taste, but should be taken like a bumble bee by visiting different places. Regarding Bhiksha from a single place, it is precisely said that it should be in critical times and meals should be in un-cooked state and bellyful in the quantity. Yagyavalkya also says that a celibate should not eat meals from a single house excepting a real emergency. Dharma Vivek says that a Bhikshu without an emergency should not eat meals from a single person.

Angira Muni asks celibate to quit day-sleeping, meals from others and second meal in a day. There in light of above, a doubt may be posed that then why a celibate is asked to beg meals from other's houses? Such doubt should not be posed, as meals in begging are not treated as 'meals from others'. Atri Muni has said that the meal (Bhiksha) is like Som-Pan and is not treated as donation. Bhiksha is not a meal from others, and not treated as of others. Bhiksha is 'Madhu Kari' and it removes all sins. Eating Bhiksha is like not having any food-and one who eats Bhiksha is called a Bhikshuka (one who survives on Bhiksha-meals). A fasting is better than having food once a day and meals received without begging are better than a fasting, and a Bhiksha is quite better than such meals without a begging. Therefore, as per Vishweshavar Paddhati Smriti, a celibate should survive on Bhiksha. The Bhiksha - meal, meal from a Shrotriya (a scholar of Vedas), leftover meal of a sacred-fire and sacrificial meal of a holy fire are like a fire purifying gold and such meal purifies the body from tip to toe, as per Vasishta Smriti. Indigo in clothes, water in butter milk, a Gaushala (cow breeding farm) in a prayer place of other religion and a Bhiksha collected from different houses are treated as holy in all the ages, as per Vyas Smriti, and therefore, it is most appropriate to practise Bhiksha meal everyday. And therefore, Lord Manu has prescribed atonement's in Prayashchita Mayukha and other Smritis. One has to undergo an atonement of Avakrni Vratta for the seven nights if one has not demanded Bhiksha despite his ailment free state or if he has not sacrificed Samidha (fuel) in sacred fire. Angira Muni says, 'One who stays in his abode without any emergency by collecting cooked meals should undergo an atonement of drinking Vajra (a food in urine of a cow) for the ten nights, and should take such Vajra for three nights if it has happened so due to an emergency. Vajra, as per Bhagwad Bhaskara, is the food named Vajrakuchha made with urine of cow.

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Gujarati

અને તે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારી તેમણે વેદશાસ્‍ત્રનો અભ્‍યાસ કરવો ને ગુરુની સેવા કરવી ને સ્‍ત્રીઓની પેઠે સ્‍ત્રૈણ પુરુષનો સંગ જે તે સર્વકાળે તજવો.

Spanish

Deberán aprender los Vedas y Shastras y ofrecer servicio al Gurú. Ellos siempre se evite el contacto de los hombres lujuriosos que a menudo buscan contactos de mujeres (mujeriego).

Explanation

Vedas means Rig Veda etc four Vedas. Scriptures means different parts of the Vedas such as teachings, Samkhya, Yoga, Uttara Mimamsa etc. As these are eternal by nature and aims at the benediction of mankind, they should study these scriptures. Narnarayaniya Akhyan of Bharat has mentioned, 'Oh King! Samkhya Yoga and the four Vedas are eternal.' Uttar Mimamsa or Vedant also should be treated at par with the Vedas. As Shrimad Bhagwata and other scripture have come from it they have not been mentioned separately. Or say that those have been preached so while disenssing general religious duties. Therefore, a celibate should study all these eternal religious scriptures. As this chapter deals exclusively to celibates, it shall not be a mere repeatation if they are asked to study scriptures and Vedas with all it's parts and branches. Word scripture should be defined as the parts of Vedas. At the age of eight years, a brahmin child should be given sacred threads to begin with education and study. 'Should learn Vedas', Shrutis too prescribes, 'Though, there may be no reason, a brahmin should learn and study Vedas with it's six branches. A twice born man, on getting second birth by accepting sacred threads, should stay in a Gurukul (hermitage of a perceptor) and should learn scriptures. That is the preaching in Shrimad Bhagwat for all twice born men. Also it is said that to serve to their Guru, is their ultimate duty. Ethical duty of a Bhikshu (ascetic) is to practise non- violence with tranquility, ethical duty of a Vanprasthi (a householder in his third life stage) living in a forest is to perform penance and meditation, ethical duty of a householder is to protect animals and worship God and ethical duties of a Brahmin are to meditate to his Acharya-perceptor and to stay before a Guru by holding a lower seat or bed. A celibate in hermitage should control all his sense organs and should foster companionship. On instructions from his Guru, he should study Vedas with absolute hold on sense organs, and should offer respect to his Guru by bowing head at the end of each such learning. Those are the scholarly instructions from great saint Narada. Yagyavalkya also has said that one should meditate and worship his Guru. Womanly means such thoughts or thinking wherein, one's mind is fixed in a woman. A celibate should avoid company of such people. He should leave them like leaving a woman. Kapildev has said, 'One should discard a companionship of the people who are harmful to the truth, purity, mercy, silence, intellect, decorum, prosperity, fame, forgiveness, steadfastness, control and majesty, and should leave those who are impatient, unintelligent and spiritually damaged. He should discard companionship of such people who are not saintly by nature, deserves sorrow and lives in company of women . And no other incident creates such Moha (affection) which is created by single incident of the companionship of a woman or companionship of the man having close company of a woman. The one, though may be well read and educated, but if affectious to a woman, should he be discarded by a celibate from his company, because the virtues of that person are not useful due to his drawback in relation to a woman. Ail Geeta of Shrimad Bhagwat says: What of the knowledge, penance, sacrifice, scriptural knowledge, detachment and greatness of a person, when his mind has been drawn into a woman? Therefore, there should be no dealing with a woman or such man whose mind is stuck in a woman. Even learned and enlightened ones are not trusting in six impulses, then how can I?

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Gujarati

અને જાતિએ કરીને જે બ્રાહ્મણ હોય તે કોઇએ પણ ચર્મવારી ન પીવું જે ડુંગળી ને લસણ આદિક અભક્ષ્‍ય વસ્‍તુ બ્રાહ્મણ જાતિ હોય તેણે કોઇ પ્રકારે ન ખાવી.

Spanish

Nadie, un brahmán de nacimiento, beberá agua tomada de una bolsa de cuero. Y nunca se toma las cosas como las cebollas y el ajo.

Explanation

Now he tells special duties of Brahmin caste. These rules are to be observed by all who are born in Brahmin caste irrespective of their sacred thread ceremony. It applies to the brahmins in different life stages - celibacy to Sanyastha (renouncement). They should not drink water drawn by a leather bag. Laghu Harit says: 'one should undergo an atonement of complete bath with clothes on, and full day fasting if he drinks water from a water hut or water from an utensil used form storing seer- or the water from a bucket used for removing water from a ship or water drawn from the well by a leather bucket.' Yama says: The water from a forest water hut, water from a pot used for storing seer, water from a ship not to be used by the people excepting shudras, but in case of an emergency, the water from the earth surface may be consumed by other people. If there is no mud, the water accumulated on earth surface is holy and pure as per Chanakya. Prayaschita Mayukha says: In case of an emergency one should collect water in an utensil from the ground and drink it.

The brahmin should not eat onion, garlic and other ill smelling things. Onion and garlic spreads more smell, therefore those should not be consumed, and if consumed per chance, one has to perform atonement for such act. For this, Brihaspati has said in Prayaschita Khanda : A twice born (brahmin) is required to do atonement of Tapta Kruchchha if he consumes onion, garlic and other such things. Kavak and Grunjan are two other Vegetables respectively from the origin of mustard and garlic with a heavy smell. Vyakhya Sudha clarifies that Grunjan is a type of white onion. Vaidya Chintamani gives an analysis of Grunjan and says that in smell, sprout, guise and shape it is almost like onion but has leaves. Sushruta describes ten types of onion: garlic, Deergha Patra, Pichchha Gandha, Mahaushadha, Faran, Palandu, Lava Tarka, Aparvarika, Grunjan and Yavaneshta. Sumantu adds that, there is no harm in eating garlic as a part of a medicine. All these things have been treated consumable as a medicine but if taken without an illness becomes like alcohol and attracts great sin for a consumer. That warning is from Yagyavalkya. He, further to that says that eating a forbidden thing, conspiracy, talking a lie for personal progress, and kissing a woman during her menstruation are like drinking alcohol. Mitakshara adds in this: To conspire against a Guru, tell lies for self elevation, to pretend expertise in Vedic knowledge etc. etc.

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Gujarati

અને જે બ્રાહ્મણ હોય તેણે સ્‍નાન, સંધ્‍યા, ગાયત્રીનો જપ, શ્રી વિષ્‍ણુની પુજા અને વૈશ્ર્વદેવ એટલાવાનાં કર્યા વિના ભોજન કરવું જ નહિ. || એવી રીતે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારીના વિશેષ ધર્મ કહ્યાં.

Spanish

Tomar el baño, la realización de Sandra Vandan, repitiendo Gayatri Mantra realizar Vishnu-Pooja y Yagna Vaishvadeva: - son algunas de las tareas diarias religiosa de los brahmanes en general. Entre estos rituales el Brahmacharins Naishtika llevará a cabo todos los ritos y rituales que es propio de su Ashrama el modo de vida. Sin hacer tales deberes religiosos, no tendrá los alimentos.

Explanation

Bathing is mainly by water. As has been said earlier, those who are physically well should do it in cold water and those who are physically weak should do it in warm water. Bathing is required to be performed while singing and chanting sacred hymns of deity of water. Smritis have asked to do bathing with chanting sacred hymns. Early morning bath should be swift and short, otherwise risk may arise of losing time of Hom (sacred fire). Katyayan says that early morning bath should be brief and noon time bath should be an elaborated one. Nrisimh Puran says: Do early morning bath by standing in a flowing river or stream and complete it before sunrise.' Skandh Purana says: Early morning bath carried out by sunrise is like Prajapatya (a sacred ritual by that name) and destroys all sins. It increases enthusiasm, intellect, fortune, charms and wealth and gives blissful happiness, therefore, early morning bath is the best ritual. No sins are attracted to a man, bathing early in the morning. Therefore, this early morning bath is the giver of all visible and invisible rewards and therefore, it should be carried out accordingly.

'Sandhya' is the deity by that name. Not doing Sandhya means not doing meditational worship of the deity named Sandhya. 'Sandhya' is a well defined word from Yoga and therefore, it is used in three meanings. Brahmin should perform Sandhya everyday. There the word is used with reference to the deity by that name. The Rishis performing long Sandhya, attain longivity in their physical life. Here, in those Smritis, the word is used in reference to a specific meditation. Early morning Sandhya is with Nakshatra (lunar mansion). Here it is in relation to Time (Kala). Therefore, it is to be interpreted as per possibility. At the time of Sandhya meditate upon godly power named Sandhya. 'Sandhya' - the word - may be a proper word to indicate morning Sandhya and evening Sandhya as there is visible union (of day and night) but how could it be called Sandhya in noon, as there is no union or meeting of the two. For this, it is said that it is union of early period and later period of the day. Therefore, word Sandhya for noon is not a diffusion of Sandhya. Acharkhanda says, 'One should perform morning, noon and evening Sandhya everyday right from the day of his sacred thread ceremony to the day of his last breath. A Brahmin should do it two Muhurta (an unit of one hour and forty eight minutes duration) before the sunrise, A Kshatriya should do it one Murhurta before the sunrise and a Vaishya should do it one half of a Muhurta prior to a sunrise. Achara Mayukh and Dharmasar says that sandhya done in the presence of the stars visible in the sky is the best, the Sandhya performed after disappearance of the stars in the sky is medium and Sandhya performed on sunrise is the lowest. Thus, there are three levels in performance of Sandhya. Similarly, in evening Sandhya, it is the best to perform Sandhya in presence of sun, the Sandhya amidst disappeared stars is medium, and Sandhya in presence of the stars visible in the sky is the lowest. For Sandhya in noon - time, it is said that Sandhya performed after Sangavakala (time span up to the nine a.m. in morning) i.e. between 9 a.m. and 12 noon is the best, Sandhya performed after 12 a.m. noon (Kutapa) is medium and Sandhya performed in later part of the day is the lowest. Similar classification for evening Sandhya can be had from Gruhya Sutra of the own clan. Now says about the ways of performing Sandhya. Early in the morning, stand facing direction of the Sun and form a Swastika of the hands, in noon - leave your hands at ease and in evening - perform Sandhya by raising palms. That was the method given by Kashyap in his Snan Deepika. Now, Vyasji says about the time to be selected for offering water (Arghya): Hold water in hollow of your palm, chant the hymn of Gayatri by standing before the sun and offer thrice this Arghya in the same method.' Brahmin, according to Kritya Chintamani are required to give only one such Arghya in noon time Sandhya. And in evening Sandhya, they are required to sit facing direction of sun and should offer Arghya in that position with the chants of Vedic hymns.' As there is etc suffixed to Sandhya, they are required to perform Hom (sacred offering to fire) . Those who does not have Agnihotra (prescribed procedure of offering sacred sacrifice to holy fire) should offer Arghya in morning on the name of Prajapati and in evening on the names of Lord Agni (Fire God) and Lord Prajapati.

Japa means silent chanting. Gayatri means famous hymn of Gayatri. The right of chantining Gayatri hymn is attainable after sacred thread ceremony. And the right of Chanting Ashtakshar Mantra (hymn) is attainable after Vaishnavi Diksha.

Harita has explained the procedure of performing Gayatri Japa : One should perform the one thousand eight chants of Gayatri hymn by pronouncing elaborately divine form of Pranava with each such chant. Such Japa may be performed in smaller units like the one hundred eight or ten as per personal capacity. Great Rishi Yagyavalkya recommends Gayatri Manta with single Pranava (Oum) for the householders and celibates. Such Japa should be performed in morning by placing hand on the neval, in noon it should be performed by placing hand on the heart and in evening Japa the hand may be placed before the nose.

The worship - Poojan of Shaligram or image of Shri Vishnu should be performed with different objects (flower etc) and specific hymns . These upachara (mode of worship), according to Panchratra, may be sixty four, thirty eight, sixteen, twelve or fifteen depending on the capacity of the worshipper. A worshipper should choose from it, with in his personal capacity. Achar chintamani says that there are different ways of worshipping. One should select anyone from those. These procedures - ways - of worshipping have been discussed in detail in the later part of this scripture. Harit says that the Lord Vishnu should be worshipped three to five times in a day, and if a devotee is weak, he should worship at least once a day, but all such Poojan - worship must be offered with great faith.

Vaishvadeva means five great holy fires. Yagyavalkya explains this : 'Balidan Karma (sacrificial acts), Swadha (addressing words in offerings to manes), Swadha (addressing words in offerings to manes), Hom (sacrifice to holy fire), Swadhyaya (scriptural reading) and Atithi-Satkar (duties as host) these five are great holy fires of Bhoota (elements), Pitri (manes), Devata (deities), Brahmins (twice born - wearing sacred threads) and Manushya (human beings).' Katyayana says: Teaching is the Brahm Yagya, Tarpan (libation of water to the manes or deceased ancestors) is holy-fire of the manes, Hom (sacrifice to holy fire) is the holyfire of deities, Balidan (offer sacrifice) is the holyfire of Bhoot (elements) and Atithi Poojan (worshiping guests) is the holy fire of humans. Now explains meaning in detail: To teach to the disciples and to learn is Swadhyaya Brahmins should study hymns of Sam and Yajurveda - that is called Brahm Yagya by the Smritis. Vaishvadeva can not be performed in a cooking stove. Vasishta has objected to such act. He says : No Vaishvadev should be performed in a cooking - stove, in an utensil of iron, on the open earth, in a Khappar (begging bowl or a shard) in a tanks or on a very high platform.

One should not take a meal without Vaishvadeva. Snan (bathing), Sandhya (worship of three times), Tarpan (libation of water to the manes) etc and Japa (silent chants), Hom (offering to holy fire) and worship of God should be performed by a fasting devotee even if he has not performed evening Sandhya with an appropriate Ahuti (sacrifice). Such is the opinion of Varaha Purana. Non - performance of those acts, attracts major draw backs. As per Parashara : One who takes a meal without bathing, eats excrement. One who takes a meal without doing Japa, eats puss and blood. One who eats without Hom, eats worms and insects. One who eats without donating, eats cowden.' And says that, 'One who has not acquired the knowledge of Sandhya Mantra and not worshipped Gayatri, though alive becomes a Shudra and sinner. And a Brahmin who is not knowing Gayatri Mantra and if knows it but not doing Japa of the hymn, though in a skin of Brahmin, know him a Shudra and take him as debarred in rituals for deities and manes. A Brahmin not worshipping God with devotion, does not get pleasure in this and other world, and spends his births in the lowest species. Skanda Puran says: Those fallen Brahmins eating meals without Vaishavadeva, live in this world without food and become crows after their death. As there is 'etc' suffixed to this, children too are first to be served food and meals are to be taken thereafter. Skand Puran also says that the seniors in the family and house, should take meals after offering food to all their dependent house members and in a non-emergency time householder and house members should take their meals togather. Yagyavalkya says: Householder couples should take their meals after serving the meals to children, older house member, pregnant women, sick people, she child in the family, servants and the guests if any. Therefore, it is to be understood that there should be no partiality in cooking food for the house. Moksha Dharma says: 'A householder is praise worthy when he takes his meal along his guest, servants, family members and attendants - without - any difference. A householder is consigned to hell on partiality in cooking food, A Sanyasi (ascetic) is consigned to hell on making difference and a woman is consigned to hell on bearing two man in her conjugal life. Meals too are to be taken after removing Aposhan, otherwise, may be harmful to the one who eats. Samvarta says: A Brahmin, if takes his meal without leaving an Aposhana in a routine period, has to undergo an atonement of one hundred eight Gayatri hymn Japa. One should not consume meal in an excess. Kashi Khanda says: Excessive meal shortens the life of a consumer, brings him down from a heavenly abode, becomes non-virtuous and attracts ill criticism from others. Therefore, one should not eat in excess. Vidurji has said: one who eats a limited meal after distributing it among his dependents, works more with a lesser sleep, gives even to his enemies the things on a demand or call is a self conscious person and free from the vices. One who eats less possesses health, life, strength, happiness, cleanliness and progeny and one who eats excessively, can not defeat a person eating less. More details about food and meals may be had from Smriti scriptures. In a state of defilement (due to a death or birth in the family), though a Vaishwadeva can not be offered, but a mental Sandhya worship is to be performed without fail. For this, Pulatsya has said in Nirnaya Sandhu: A brahmin should perform Sandhya rituals and should chant Sandhya Mantra without pranayam (yogic procedure of controlling vital air) even if there is defilement of a death or a birth in the family. Vishnu Puran says: Oh Parthiv ! A Sandhya worship should be performed in all times; but should not be attended during a defilement, impurity, mental tension and sickness. That is in relation to complete Sandhya. Chyavan Rishi has said in Shuddhi Deep that the Sandhya which is followed by an Arghya (offering sacred water to deities) should be performed mentally without Kusha (a sacred shrub) and water. Paithinsi and Bharadwaj favours even Arghya with sacred hymn: During a defilement one should worship Sun deity by Chanting Gayatri Mantra and offering Arghya. Arghya should be offered to Sun God with proper pronouncement of Gayatri - hymn. Deities should be worshipped mentally. Vaishvadeva should be dropped for such period. Know this from Mitakshara.

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Gujarati

હવે સાધુના જે વિષેશ ધર્મ તે કહીએ છીએ- અમારે આશ્રિત જે સર્વ સાધુ તેમણે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારીની પેઠે સ્‍ત્રીઓના દર્શન ભાષણાદિક પ્રસંગનો ત્‍યાગ કરવો તથા સ્‍ત્રૈણ પુરુષના પ્રસંગાદિકનો ત્‍યાગ કરવો અને અંતઃશત્રુ જે કામ ક્રોધ લોભ અને માન આદિક તેમને જીતવા.

Spanish

Los sadhus evitarán la asociación con la mujer, mujeriegos, de la misma manera como el Brahmacharins Naishtika, y observar el celibato durante toda la vida. Además, deberán eliminar sus enemigos internos.

Explanation

Now, a new subject begins here. My Sadhus (saints) who are my followers and absolute celibates should refrain from the company of females and effeminate males; should not look at them knowingly or converse to them. As there is 'etc' suffixed to such prohibited acts, such Sadhus should not massage oil and should not indulge in other such acts. There is risk of a fall from the vow of celibacy and saintly hood. It is said that a man who has not controlled his organs and if attracted to the charms of a woman would jump into the depth of the hell like a butterfly jumping into a flame. Also it is said that the one who loses his spiritual wisdom in charms of a woman, Gold, ornaments, attires etc sense objects of Maya (eternal entity) and thinks of pleasing his senses, destroys himself like a sightless butterfly. A Tyagi (ascetic) should not touch even a wooden statue of a woman by his big toe. Those are the words of wisdom from spiritually wise Dattatraya. Medha Tithi and Jabala Smriti says: Not to talk to woman, and should not remember a woman seen earlier. Should leave a Katha if it is by a woman, and should not look even at a drawing-picture-of a woman. Any ascetic, who indulges in any of these four makes his mind polluted and such pollution destroys him. Moksha Dharma also asks to stay away from a discourse by a woman. Saubhari Rishi says: A seeker of the knowledge of ultimate should discard the companionship of sensual, objects and should not allow his senses to be extrovert, should dwell solely in siclusion and concentrate in God meditatively in God. If desires a companionship, he should associate himself to a like minded (sanitly) ascetic.

To win the internal enemies like carnal desires etc. means to discard such enemies. Bhagwan says, 'There are three gates of hell destroying soul : Kama (carnal desires), Krodha (anger) and Lobha (greed), therefore, these three should be discarded. And Bhagwan had asked particularly about Kama (carnal desires) to leave it immediately: 'The Kama (carnal desires) and Krodha (anger) which are born of Rajas Guna are like a monsterous python and great sin, and should be recognized as great enemy. As a fire becomes dull due to a smoke enveloping it, and a mirror looks dirty due to the dirt covering it, and a foetus is covered by flesh, similarly this whole is covered by carnal desire. The knowledge of an enlightened one, is covered by the born enemy and ever hungry Kama (carnal desires). Oh Arjuna! Sense organs, mind and intellect are the tools-weapons of such Kama, and by these tools or weapons it veils-covers-the real knowledge and traps the man in Moha (spiritual ignorance). Therefore, Oh Arjuna! You control your sense organs and leave this sinful killer of ultimate knowledge. The indriyas (sense organs) are said to be beyond reach, the mind is beyond sense organs, the intellect is even beyond the mind Atma (soul) is beyond the intellect, know this Atma (soul) as beyond the reach and control such Atma (soul) with the help of Atma (soul). Oh Mahabaho! Thus by controlling soul, banish your undefeatable Kama (carnal desires) from within : Shrimad Bhagwat asks particularly for the banishment of Kama (carnal desires) and Krodha (anger): Oh King! As a medicine removes a disease, remove by listening the scriptures, the instinct of anger wich is an obstacle on your path of self benediction, you would be benedicted, because an angry man generates anxiety and fury in this Loka, therefore, a spiritually wise should aspire fearlessness and should not surrender to the anger.

Moreover, it is said, 'Hunger and thirst causes the end of carnal desires (Kama) and the rise of the fruits of the destroyed carnal desires, causes the end of the anger, but the greed in a man never diminishes even after capturing whole earth and space. Oh king! Even the well knowledgeables, great pritual guides, and great faculty heads are consigned to hell due to their dissatisfaction. The dissatisfaction in carnal desire and desire for sanse objects

 is the cause of life and death. Moksha (salvation) means to be happy and satisfied by the reward of the destiny, a fraction of the greed destroys even purest fame of famous ones and destroys praiseworthy virtues of a virtuous one, like the disease of leprosy destroying the charms of a body. In Aapad Dharma of Bharat it is said elaborately that the greed should be removed as it the root of all sins, know more about this from that scripture. Narada has shown in Shrimad Bhagwat the ways, to overpower inner enemies: win your Kama (carnal desires) by mental steadfastness, defeat anger by forsaking carnal desires, sense objects should be discarded by thinking on their vicious effects, greed and fear should be discarded by concentrating on Ultimate entity, Shoka (sorrow) and Moha (spiritual ignorance) should be removed by worshipping spiritually greats, obstacles of the Yoga should be removed by Moksha (emancipation) and violence should be overpowered by detachment toward physical being.

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Gujarati

અને સર્વે જે ઇંદ્રિયો તે જીતવી ને રસના ઇંદ્રિયને તો વિશેષ કરીને જીતવી અને દ્રવ્‍યનો સંગ્રહ પોતે કરવો નહિ ને કોઇ બીજા પાસે પણ કરાવવો નહિ.

Spanish

Deberán mantener todos sus sentidos, órganos bajo su control sobre todo el órgano del gusto. Ellos no se ganan o acumular dinero ni permitir que otros hagan que el nombre.

Explanation

All sense organs means cognitive organs, the organs of action and mind. Those should be won. Bhagwan has said in Shrimad Bhagwat: control your speech, control your mind, control your vital air and control your organs and by your soul control your mind, then you would not come again in this world. As per Shrimad Bhagwat: To suppress the organs is an imprisonment and to control the organs is the emancipation (Moksha). Shrimad Bhagwat Geeta says: 'The Munis who have won their organs, mind and intellect are treading the path of emancipation and those who have discarded their desires, fears and anger have become everfree. Like a turtle shrinking his limbs, they attach their organs to the means of it's own are called Sthitpragya (seated majestically with in their domain).' Bharat says: Oh Vipra! The penance is the root of the what you have asked, therefore, penance is nothing but to control all organs. Heaven and hell both are organs, control on organs is heaven and freedom of organs is hell. Acts of the organs attracts sins and control on organs attracts achievements. The one who attains the majesty of soul by those six (five sense organs and mind), becomes immune to the sins and adversaries. Tongue, the sense organ of taste should be controlled first. Here word 'tongue' stands for the sense organ of the taste, the victory on this organ is the victory over all the senses. The control of the tastes of tongue, enables one to control everything, all the sense organs, otherwise the drawback of carnal desire and tastes, imprison a man like a keeper of a house. The man lured by the tastes of his tongue winds up himself in the lot of adverseries, like a fish hooked in the trap of a fisher man. Therefore the food as per Aruneya Smriti, should be consumed like a medicine, Aruneya Smriti restricts the tastes of tongue. Bhagwan has said that the adverseries take place on not controlling sense organs: The man thinking about sense objects, becomes a prey to it's affection, Such affection creates carnal desire, carnal desire generates anger, anger initiates delusion and delusion creates delusion in memory and such delusion in memory destroys intellect and destruction of intellect results into the destruction of man.

And those ascetics should not store new clothes, new utensils etc. which may generate income or money by sale of it. He neither should store such things with himself nor should get it stored by others for himself, and should not inspire others to generate or collect funds for himself. Because that is the cause of all worldly pleasures. Here, hidden preaching asks an ascetic to stay away from money treating it equally harmful like a relationship with a woman. It is a famous teaching of Shrimad Bhagwat, showing habitation of Kaliyuga in Gold. Therefore, Paramhamsi Upanishada says that an ascetic attracts the sin of killing a brahmin if he looks at gold with a sense of affection, becomes a lower caste if he touches it and becomes a self killer if he holds it. Therefore an ascetic should not look at, should not touch it and should not accept it. Jeevan Mukti Vivek has said that an ascetic leaving his sperm or collecting money-gold- intelligently consigns himself to hell.

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Gujarati

અને કોઇની થાપણ ન રાખવી અને કયારેય પણ ધીરજતાનો ત્‍યાગ ન કરવો અને પોતાના ઉતારાની જગ્‍યા બંધિની હોય તો તેને વિષે કયારેય પણ સ્‍ત્રીનો પ્રવેશ થવા દેવો નહિ.

Spanish

No tendrá custodia de la riqueza de otros, o aceptar cualquier cosa como la confianza. Ellos nunca pierden la paciencia. Y nunca permitirá que ninguna mujer a entrar en su residencia.

Explanation

From nobody, means neither from a known person nor from any unknown. No deposit shall be accepted from anybody. Shall not be accepted even for protecting it, and not even with such promise. Because, the acts like this disturbs mind and creates mental conflict. And such saints, even in their adverse times and place and even in the state like not getting meals on begging, should not give away their patience and shall not succum to the force of senses, because the destiny of the body is very powerful. Smritis too advises to not to become impatient. Moreover, such ascetics shall not allow women to enter in their place, because an entry of such women would give a view of a woman and would make a breach in their celibacy. Here the Shlokas describing attributes of an ascetic should be taken as supportive proofs.

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Gujarati

અને તે સાધુ તેમણે આપત્‍કાળ પડયા વિના રાત્રિને વિષે સંગસોબત વિના ચાલવું નહિ, તથા આપત્‍કાળ પડયા વિના કયારેય પણ એકલા ચાલવું નહિ.

Spanish

Nunca se desplazará a cabo por las noches sin la compañía de su grupo, incluso durante el día, no se mueven en solitario, excepto en circunstancias difíciles.

Explanation

These ascetics should not move alone without company of the people at night, if they are physically well. This means that, they should not travel all alone at night without company of the people. There is no objection, if one moves in the time of an emergency. Moreover, these ascetics should not go to any place all alone. Gautam has objected against walking on the road after sunset and has said in Kritya Chintamani: One should not travel all alone on the road after sunset, should not travel with evil minded people, and should not tread a criticized path or a secret path. Now here is a doubt based on the preaching that, if many are living together or if they talks to each other, creates some times inner conflict (between the two), therefore like a bracelet of a maiden, an ascetic should walk all alone, then why it is a command here to not to go anywhere all alone? Here is the solution for this riddle : There the company of evil-minded people is being objected to, but not the companionship of saintly people. Bhagwan Kapil has said: The manac companing his relatives , if accompanies saintly people in the like manner, with equal firmness, consigns himself to the gates of emancipation. These are the words of spiritually wise. 'Those who do my devotion with a great devotional fervour.' For that they have disowned their worldly acts and relatives. They have surrendered submissively to me, and listens to devotional praises of me, and engages himself in reciting such Katha-Varta about my praises. They are with absolute meditational concentration in me. No worldly trouble pain them. Oh Faithful woman! Those only are the ascetics who have discarded everything inclusive of affection and attachment. The company of such saint, Oh Mother! Is benedictory for you, because the companionship of such people removes our inner drawbacks. The devotees attaining ultimate pleasure in serving me, have sat together listening to and telling to others my stories (katha). Those devotees are such desirefree that they even did not desire to meet me ! Ekadasha Skandha has said that one should shun the company of such evil people who are affectionate to sex organ and belly. One who walks even with such people following them, ends up in the hell, like a man following a blindman falls in the well. With this object, a spiritually wise should shun the company of the evil-minded people and should associate himself with virtuous people. Saintly people removes mental affection of the one, by their speech. These saints are desire free and attached solely to me. They are tranquil, affection free, ego free, non-conflicting and are among those who are not accepting donations . Therefore, Shri Shukdeva who was the one from such supreme ascetics, had to study Shrimad Bhagwat for accompaniment of such saintly people. Ugrashravas has said: Shri Shukdevji a dearest to the devotee of Lord Vishnu turned toward the study of this scripture (Bhagwat) to submit intellectually to Lord Vishnu and Sadhus of Lord Vishnu. Therefore, the saint too associate himself to a saint. In other Shlokas also, a company of a saint has been treated as a rarest opportunity. Therefore, it is meant here that due to adverse times, if company of a saint is not feasible, one should move alone just to avoid the chances of Asat purusha (evil minded lots).

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Gujarati

અને જે વસ્‍ત્ર બહુ મુલ્‍યવાળુ હોય તથા ચિત્ર-વિચીત્ર ભાત્‍યનું હોય તથા કસુંબાદિક જે રંગ તેણે કરીને રંગેલું હોય તથા શાલદુશાલા હોય ને તે જો બીજાની ઇચ્‍છાએ કરીને પોતાને પ્રાપ્ત થયું હોય તોપણ તે વસ્‍ત્ર પોતે પહેરવું-ઓઢવું નહિ.

Spanish

Ellos nunca deben usar ropa de este tipo que son costosas o de color rosa con diseños o trajes a pesar de que alguien puede ofrecer como regalo.

Explanation

Priceless means very costly and therefore are difficult to be priced and designed means with different colors. Such clothes received from others at their free will. Priceless clothes are such clothes which can not be priced definitely due to unfamiliarity of others about those clothes.

 

The clothes dyed in gaudy colour 'etc' means the clothes dipped in such dark colours and this would include the whitening agents such as indigo and others. Majestic attire means very precious shawls and such other garments and decorative attires. They should not wear any of those. This includes such precious and such dyed or printed garments which are gifted by others to them. Such clothes, if with excessive affection and sentimental pressure if are gifted and forced similarly to put on, should wear it that moment to the pleasure of the one who has gifted it and should remove it at the same time and should gift it to the others forever. He should not wear it again and again. And should not keep it with himself by protecting it. This is the full meaning of this preaching. Dharmdeep says: The garment befitting a wealthy person or a cloth woven with gold thread, a very fine cloth, a cloth with colorful print and a strange looking cloth are called majestic attires. They should put on old piece of cloth over their Kaupin (loin cloth) and should use a torn and stuffed covering sheet. This and similar others are observations given in the scriptures.

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Gujarati

અને ભિક્ષા તથા સભા પ્રસંગે એ બે કાર્ય વિના ગૃહસ્‍થના ઘર પ્રત્‍યે જવું નહિ અને ભગવાનની જે નવ પ્રકારની ભકિત તે વિના વ્‍યર્થ કાળ નિર્ગમવો.

Spanish

Nunca se visita la residencia de los jefes de familia a excepción de la mentira religiosa o de reunión religiosa. Ellos (incluso en su propio domicilio) se ha marcado siempre la devoción a Dios sin perder su tiempo.

Explanation

They should not visit the houses of the householders except on an occasion of Bhiksha or a religious assembly there in these houses. Bhiksha means to move about the places to beg meals as an ascetic, please take care to interpret it in that sense. An assembly means a Sabha (meeting) or gathering (to be in large group) wherein people of the society are gathered. Word Sabha (meeting) is being used in relation to a social, a gambling, a discussion and a temple. In event of a Sabha too, one has to attend it only on an invitation to that effect. The food sustains the vital air, therefore, one should try at his best for the food; that is the preaching of God. It is said in Niti-Saar, that even if he is not invited, one should attend holy-fire, and should attend a Sabha only on an invitation. Therefore, an ascetic should visit the residence of a householder strictly on these two grounds, and a visit in such circumstances is not at all objectionable, but attracts the drawbacks in rest of the circumstances. He, now says about the manner in which a meal is to be begged by an ascetic. An ascetic should look at the house with open door, and ask for a begging by chanting Shri Hari's name loudly, without looking at the women in the house. Here it is advised precisely to chant loudly, means has to stand outside the house while begging a meal. And when attending a Sabha (meeting) should speak just and with proper scriptural support, but should not sit dumbly. Moreover, it is said that a wiseman should not recall the draw backs of a host while attending a Sabha, because when he is in such a Sabha, if he does not speak or speaks something against the host, would attract a sin for that ignorant host. Further, such an ascetic should not waste a single moment without devotion of God. He should do devotion of God within his personal capacity throughout the day. He should not waste any moment in other activities. All supportive statements, in regard to such devotion and full-time devotion, one may have from the discussion held earlier in relation to "Atmanivedi Bhakta" - a single-minded devotee, an absolute devotee.

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Gujarati

અને જે ગૃહસ્‍થના ઘરને વિષે રાંધેલ અન્‍નનો પીરનારો પુરુષ જ હોય તથા સ્‍ત્રીઓનો દર્શનાદિક પ્રસંગ કોઇ રીતે થાય એમ ન હોય.

Spanish

Ellos se van a tomar los alimentos únicamente a las casas donde sólo los varones pueden servir la comida y donde ninguna mujer puede entrar en su punto de vista. Si esto no es posible que se recibe de las disposiciones de los cabezas de familia y preparar sus propios alimentos.

Explanation

Now in following two Shlokas says distinctively about Bhakta. The house where meal server is a male, but not a female and where cooked food is served by a male server, there - in such houses - a Sadhu should go for a meal. And if there is no facility as said above, a Sadhu there, should beg for an un-cooked food, and should cook the meal at his own. That is the meaning of the Shloka. As there is 'etc' suffixed, such food may be cooked by a brahmin. In short, it conveys that the disciplinary rules for a Sadhu are to be observed by all in letter and spirit. Though, it is believed improper for an ascetic to cook the food, but there shall be no harm in cooking the meals as these ascetics are practising the cardinal religion of serving Lord Vishnu and the meals so cooked are to be served to Lord Thakorji.

But they should not beg so for themselves. Lord also has said that those who are cooking meals for the self are eating sins . The specific attributes, as described by Lord Dattatraya, are : He lives on begged meals and while eating such meals he removes all past and future sins of his donors.

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Gujarati

તેવી રીતનું જે ગૃહસ્‍થનુંઘર તે પ્રત્‍યે અમારા સાધુ તેમણે જમવા જવું અને એ કહ્યું તેવું ન હોય તો કાચુ અન્‍ન માંગીને પોતાના હાથે રસોઇ કરવી ને ભગવાનને નૈવેધ ધરીને જમવું.

Spanish

Ellos se van a tomar los alimentos únicamente a las casas donde sólo los varones pueden servir la comida y donde ninguna mujer puede entrar en su punto de vista. Si esto no es posible que se recibe de las disposiciones de los cabezas de familia y preparar sus propios alimentos.

Explanation

Now in following two Shlokas says distinctively about Bhakta. The house where meal server is a male, but not a female and where cooked food is served by a male server, there - in such houses - a Sadhu should go for a meal. And if there is no facility as said above, a Sadhu there, should beg for an un-cooked food, and should cook the meal at his own. That is the meaning of the Shloka. As there is 'etc' suffixed, such food may be cooked by a brahmin. In short, it conveys that the disciplinary rules for a Sadhu are to be observed by all in letter and spirit. Though, it is believed improper for an ascetic to cook the food, but there shall be no harm in cooking the meals as these ascetics are practising the cardinal religion of serving Lord Vishnu and the meals so cooked are to be served to Lord Thakorji.

But they should not beg so for themselves. Lord also has said that those who are cooking meals for the self are eating sins . The specific attributes, as described by Lord Dattatraya, are : He lives on begged meals and while eating such meals he removes all past and future sins of his donors.

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Gujarati

અને પૂર્વે ઋષભદેવ ભગવાનના પુત્ર જે ભરતજી તે જેતે પૃથ્‍વીને વિષે જડ બ્રાહ્મણ થકા જેમ વર્તતા હતા તેમજ પરમહંસ એવા જે અમારા સાધુ તેમણે વર્તવું.

Spanish

En su vida y su modo de vida que deberá seguir el comportamiento ideal de Jada Bharata, el Paramhansa, y el hijo de Rishbhadeva.

Explanation

Earlier, means in his earlier birth, the son of Shri Rishabhdev ascetic - king Bharat. 'Aarshabha' is used here as an adjective to Bharat to determine that the Bharat means not anybody else but the next descendant heir of Rishabhadev. As in his birth, Bharat lived a life on this earth, the Paramhamsa of mine (of Shri Hari) are required to live a life treading in the foot prints of Jada Bharat. Word paramhamsa has been analyzed in several ways. 'Para' stands for the 'best' 'Ma' means Lakshami - Goddess of majesty; or 'Paran' means one who kills the enemies of religion and 'Hansa' means Lord Vishnu. Moreover the word Paramhamsa is used as synonym to Lord Vishnu. According to Vishva Kosha (Universal Dictionary) Paramhansa means: Swan, a kind of Swan, Sun God, Lord Vishnu. Further, it is said, 'Param hamsa is the saviour of the souls and acts as a separator of the evil minded Yogis; 'Paramhamsa means complete and absolute soul', in all these words Paramhamsa stands for Lord Vishnu. The Paramhansas who meditates to Lord Vishnu - the vaishnavas, or Param means principal - main, primordial, aumkar. Thus as per the meaning given above, those who worships absolutely Lord Vishnu, and nothing else, are the Paramhansas. The word Hamsa has been used frequently in Shrimad Bhagwat as a substitute of Lord Vishnu: I bow my head to that swan residing in that holy palace.' 'The swan who resides in divine and observes', 'Those ever free and faithful to penance worships the Swan-me.' 'The Swan with the beautiful wing resides in Vaikunth', 'I, for them in the form of a swan and a preceptor, being worshipped with great devotion, 'the swan who regulates the speech and is the God of Vedas.' 'And to the one who is in the form of a swan among them', 'To the great in the form of Hamsa (Swan)' etc etc. Now, the ascetics are required to live a life like the life of great enlightened soul Jadabharat and word 'tatha' has been used in that commandment, therefore Paramahamsa becomes equally applicable to those practicing saints. Now about the life of Jadabharat. He was absolutely detached from family relations and was concentrating his mind absolutely at the lotus feet of Lord by listening about it, recollecting repeatedly the same and memorizing divine attributes of it, and others described in fifth part of Shrimad Bhagwat. In these Lokas and as per the scriptures, the Paramhansas are of two kind namely Alinga and Avadhoota linga. Shri Shukdevji and others moving here and there without any veil on their person are Alinga Paramhamsas . As Jabalopanishada has said, those live in the same form as they were at the time of their birth free from conflicts, free from taking any donation, very well knowledgeable in the philosophy of the path of Brahm, pure minded, begging Bhiksha at proper time by the bowl in the form of belly for sustaining vital air, equiposed in the state of loss and gains with, undecided- residency any where in a deserted shelter a temple - a hey stock - an anthill - a tree root, a potter's shade, a place of sacred fire, a river bank, a hill, a cave, a cavity, a velly, a stream or a public place are alert and sentiment free, attached consciously to the supreme soul, faithful to spiritualism, always ready to uproot unauspicious acts and always discard their body through a perfect asceticism, such ascetics are called Paramhamsa. Others are with Abdhoot oppearance like Bharata and Shridama described in Shrimad Bhagwat. These Abohoots as shown by some others are accepting the guise of those characters of the society who have been insulted and rejected by the society. They are generally described covering their bodies with torn blankets or living like a poor clothless twice born or wearing tettered garbs mad of tree-shins. It is described about Shridama that when Shri Krishna - who has spotless fame and majesty - offered a high place to that Abdhoot - like Shridama in his royal court, the women in Shrikrishna's palace were highly astonished, and they thoughtfully imagined about the Punyas earned earlier by that abdhoot like man ! Through sentences like this one should know that Shridama too has been classified as an abdhoot. It appears that Jada Bharata also was in the same guise: A dirty and tattered cloth was wrapped about his waist and sacred threads on his shoulder were looking black due to excessive dirt. This guise was evident to establish that, 'The man was twice born fallen from his own high community, due to repeated insults by ignorant lots of his own community.' 'Meanwhile by luck there arrived the greatest from the twice born.' 'Listening to the greatest among the Brahmins, people asked about the reason behind such a secretive guise. And please tell us your number among the Abdhoots descended on the earth, Oh you twice born! 'Oh Abdhoot! You are with the symbols like a brother of a twice born! We bow to you Oh experienced one of the mystic and eternal!' 'The twice borns roaming in the guise of an Abadhoot' All these words and descriptions, and. It was not proper to engage a naked brahmin in carring a palanquin, and therefore he must have been in at least tattered clothes,' and 'One who was abandoned by his relatives, became an Abdhoot and practised Vrattas to please Shri Hari' explains the meaning the guise of Abdhoot as a person wearing clothes made from the bark. This is what Shridhar Swami has observed. But for both types of these Paramhansas are required to meditate Bhagwan: The lotus feet, which are desired and worshipped constantly by the Paramhamsas, Lord Vishnu with such feet and Goddess Lakshmiji went there . '' Oh Lotus - eyed! Thereafter, those Paramhamsas surrendered to those blissful lotus-feet,' 'On their path as Paramhamsas they earn highest devotion,' 'To the highest preceptor of the Paramhamsas,' 'Oh you have attained the pleasure of enlightenment of the soul. The doors of the heart have opened and have achieved the ultimate knowledge of the self with the divine knowledge of supreme self emerged from the innermost meditational trance of the Paramhamsa like ascetic.' 'The lotus like feet which could be attained through the religious duties of a Paramhamsa, were being worshipped by Brahma.' The episodes which are about God and are dear to the Paramhansas.' 'Why does the religious duties of a Bhagwat have not been founded as a main theme? Because the Paramhamas like only that, and Bhagwan too likes only Paramhamsas.' 'And for Bhakti-Yoga of pure hearted Paramhamsas,' etc. etc. mentioned in Shrimad Bhagwat should be considered in this perspective. Moreover, like the meditation of Bhagwan, the practice of the personal religion in a judicial way is equally important. Besides that, in Moksha Dharma of Bharat there is narration of Virtuous acts of Ajagar Swami: steady minded, firm in personal religion, acts in most judicious way, knows beyond cognitive sphere and about supreme soul, has no elemenal limits in sleeping and sitting, practices Dama, Niyama, Vratta, Satya and Shauch as his inherent nature, free from fear, worry, greed and infatuation, thus in this form I practice the Vratta of an Ajagar (python). Thus, by these two distinct types of Paramhamsas, Shrimad Bhagwat intends to preach the life style of Jada Bharat for following it - for practicing it. shown pleasure and liking towards Jada Bharat and his life style.

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Gujarati

અને નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારીને એ સાધુ તેમણે તાંબુલ તથા અફીણ તથા તમાકુ ઇત્‍યાદિકનું જે ભક્ષણ તે જતને કરીને વર્જવું.

Spanish

El Brahmacharins y sadhus se abstendrán, a cualquier precio, de la masticación de la hoja de betel de tabaco y consumo de drogas como el opio.

Explanation

These, following six Shlokas describe the mixed duties of Brahmacharis (celibates) and Sadhus (saint-ascetics). The celibates and also the ascetics living like a celibate shall not chew Tambul (betel leaves) and shall not consume opium, tobacco etc any intoxicating substance. They shall leave all these. Prachetas Smriti has said, chewing betal leaves, having bath with oil massage and eating meals in a bronze utensil should be given away by an ascetic, celibate and widowed women.' Brahmvaivarata Purana has said: Wines, meat, intoxicants, garlic and the extracts and juices which are not wholesome or are sinful in it's preparation or are not properly purified shall not be taken by the men and women practicing a Vratta.

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Gujarati

અને તે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારી ને સાધુ, તેમણે ગર્ભાધાન આદિક જે સંસ્‍કાર, તેમજે વિષે જમવું નહિ, તથા એકાદશાહ પર્યત જે પ્રેતશ્રાદ્ધ તેમને વિષે જમવું નહિ, તથા દ્વાદશાહ શ્રાદ્ધને વિષે જમવું નહિ.

Spanish

Los dos de ellos no tendrá alimentos (en cualquier hogar) en las ocasiones de samskaras (el Samskaras dieciséis menciona en el Slokas N o 91), tales como bodas o ceremonias anuales de la muerte o las ceremonias en el undécimo y el duodécimo día realizan para los muertos.

Explanation

Now, here He tells about the rites. Those saints and celibate shall not eat the meals served in consecration rites a conception or in other such obsequies observed in honour of the dead, though they may have an invitation to attend such meals. All the obsequies means such rites to the deal and manes offered on ninethday, eleventh day, twenty nineth day (monthly), twelfth day as manes rites and obsequies, even in a obsequious rite of uniting a dead relative with the manes. Saints and Brahmcharis shall not attend any such rites. Matsya Purana says: one while doing a Vratta, should not eat meals of obsequious rites. He attracts an atonement on taking such meals. Refer Nirnay sindhu and Mitakshara for further details.

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Gujarati

અને રોગાદિક આપત્‍કાળ પડયા વિના દિવસે સૂવું નહિ અને ગ્રામ્‍યવાર્તા કરવી નહિ ને જાણીને સાંભળવી નહિ.

Spanish

No dormirán en horarios diurnos, a menos que se enferman o se siente débil. Ellos ni se habla ni escucha, palabras vulgares intencionalmente.

Explanation

The disease means fever and other such illness and as there is 'etc' suffixed to that, the state like excessive tiredness caused due to a long walk should be included in such illness. One shall not sleep in a day time except such physical illness. Otherwise, the act of sleeping in day time attracts an atonement. Vasishtha has said in Prayashchita Mayukha (Avakirni Prayashchita): 'One should undergo an atonement in the case of a forcible ejaculation of the sperm and an ejaculation during a day dreaming.' There, in such cases, a person is required to do Nairit Yagya, Therefore, Bhishma has said in Moksha Dharma, 'Those who are desirous of practising a sinfree celibacy, should stop sleeping in day time. A man is defeated by Rajas and Tamas. Gunas during his dreamstate. He indulges in irrational and unjust acts like the one has got another body. Sanatkumar Samhita says: The celibacy of a man with a Vratta breaks due to sleeping in day time. Therefore, the wise ones and the celibates in particular, should not sleep during the day. To sleep in day time is a sin, and atonement recommended for such sin has been suggested under Upapataka listed earlier in this scripture. A sin is always foreseeable, one should leave it. Atri Rishi has described day-sleep as a cause of downfall, in his Nirnaya sindhu chapter: To adorn a dias, to wear a white cloth, to listen to a woman, tastes, day-sleep and to ride a vehicle, those six are the root causes of the descend of an ascetic. Daksha has described the manacles: A seat, greed for an utensil, accumulation of money, building a group of disciples, day-sleeping, and rustic dialogues, these six are like manacles for an ascetic. Kratu has said in Vishweshwar Paddhati: medicines, utensils of a brighter metal, ejaculation, white cloth, night-meals and day-time sleep should be given away by an ascetic. These six are rejectable for householders, and for that, Vyasa has said in householder duties described in Bharat: During wholeday or in an earlier and a later part of the night, during a down or dusk one should give away sleeping. No copulation with a women without menstrual period. Narada has said that one desirous of self benediction should stop taking meals at night, sleeping in day time, laziness, back biting, intoxicants, excessive approach or ignoring . All these should be stopped . Intoxicants means the things stimulating dizziness. Excess means too much. To ignore means not to pay attention or avoid it intentionally. Anushasan Parva preaches that a sleep in day time shortens life and destroys spiritual upliftment. Skanda Purana says: Those desirous of longevity should desist from riding a cow, inhaling smoke of a dead body, swimming in a river, sunshine of a rising sun and sleep in day-time. To Swim in a river means to swim with the help of own hands. Kapil Muni suggest Prajapatya Vratta for the habitual sleeping in day-time. In medicinal scriptures - particularly the Madhava Nidan it is that day time sleep generates a large variety of illness: day-sleep dream causes ejaculation, such ejaculation causes cold. Such cold generates caught and caught becomes tubereculosis. It is said that the one who does not do exercises, one who sleeps in day time and eats irregular meals becomes ill due to stomach worms. Also it is said that one who eats extreme salty, sour or a gas generating food or eats mud and soil, or sleeps in day time, or eats very hot spoils his blood, such polluted blood spoils his skin and becomes a prey to jaundice.

These ascetics should not indulge in a rustic talk. Rusic talk means a conversation or a dialogue away from God and divine leelas of God. Such talk may be about household subjects. They should stay away from such conversation. Because, as per Shrimad Bhagwat a dialogue like this brings in a fall. Those who stay away from the dialogues and episodes removing or destroying the sins, and indulge in rustic talks of the fools, consign themselves to the darkest hell after losing majesty and divine shelter. Those who are not listening to episodes of God and listen to the rustic talks are like a dirt-worm living in and consuming dirt. They are killed by their ill fate. They can not think steadily and their intellect never become insatiable and imbalanced like ship in the sea rocking and swaying in the cyclone. The ascetic in a forest should not give on ear to rustic talk . Vishnu Dharmottar Purana says that indulgence in household dialogues as a speaker or a listener is like a shakle.

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Gujarati

અને તે નૈષ્ઠિક બ્રહ્મચારી ને સાધુ તેમણે રોગાદિક આપત્‍કાળ પડયા વિના ખાટલા ઉપર સુવું નહિ અને સાધુની આગળ તો નિરંતર નિષ્‍કપટપણે વર્તવું.

Spanish

No se acueste en una cama a menos que estén muy enfermos, que se acueste en el piso. Ellos siempre se comportan sin hipocresía o arrogancia ante los santos.

Explanation

They should not sleep on a bed-stead unless they are in trouble. There is no harm in sleeping on a bed-stead if they are in trouble, because religion always follows the way protecting one's body. The Smritis forbid the sleep on bed-stead as it is harmful to celibacy of an ascetic. And such ascetic shall behave always in perfect frankness without any reserve before a true senior saint. Narada has said that one should behave open heatedly before a true saint-Satpurusha. Sanat kumar says: A servant before a king, a disciple before a Guru (preceptor), a married women before her husband and everyday before God or a true saint, one should behave open heatedly.

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Gujarati

અને તે સાધુ ને બ્રહ્મચારી તેમણે કોઇક કુમતિવાળા દુષ્‍ટજન હોય ને તે પોતાને ગાળ દે અથવા મારે તો તે સહન જ કરવું પણ તેને સામી ગાળ ન દેવી ને મારવો નહી અને તેનું જેમ હિત થાય તેમજ મનમાં ચિંતવન કરવું પણ તેનું ભુંડું થાય એવો તો સંકલ્‍પ પણ ન કરવો.

Spanish

E incluso si se sienten insultados con palabras duras y fueron golpeados por malvados, que no tomará represalias, pero se perdona a las personas y orar por su bienestar.

Explanation

These saints (ascetics) with absolute celibacy should silently bear the harsh words, insults, beating, hitting and other injuries hurled by ignorant persons. They (these ascetics) should not become angry at it. Because, such anger attracts drawback in religious duties of an ascetic. It is said that forgiveness is the natural course of an ascetic. Shri Shankar observes such state as a most difficult state: These saints are burning day and night at their heart due to scorching harsh words looking like a pointed arrow shooted by enemies. Bhagwan has said, such ascetics are not getting angry to an untrue man hurling arrows of harsh words piercing his saintly heart. Among these people, there are no such great saints who may compromise for the wounded hearts injured by the harsh words of evil minded people. This intends to convey that, it is not easy to get such generous hearted saints. The ascetic, who has been insulted, injured, compelled, thrown away like night soil, shaken repeatedly by the ignorant lot, but at the same time desirous of self benediction, should sat aside all these pains and should benedict his soul with the help of his soul. Shri Shukadevji has said, 'The people suitable to Lord Shri Krishna - the devotees of Lord Shri Krishna; anybody if uses any harsh words towards such devotees, those words would turn futile like the efforts of demons against the God and deities. 'The devotees of God were capable enough to curse Goddess in return, but instead of doing so, they took on their head the curse from the Goddess and proved by it their saintly nature. The mountain, bearing on it's person the thundering showers of rain never feels pain of it, Similarly the devotee of God never gets defeated by the troubles due to his absolute concentration in God. The hardship and troubles tolerated by God himself is the symbol of sainthood. Sut Purani has said that in this world, the saints reeling under the conflicts of worldly ways, never feel pain for such ill treatment, or pleasure for honour and importance granted to them, because they live their life at spiritual level and as such, the soul never depend on the different expressions of Maya. But such pains and hardship are affordable only by the true devotees of God it is not within the reach of everybody. Moreover, Uddhavji has said, 'Oh universal soul! The excessive attack of viceful actions on the soul is beyond the limits of tolerance, because the nature is most prevalent force even to the scholars of the scriptural knowledge who have submitted themselves at the lotus feet of God. Jivan Mukti vivek defines 'insults' as an objective of increasing penance. Smritis say that fruits of penance increase by the insults, and the honour stalled to a penant, decreases the strength of his penance. Naishkarmya siddhi says: Somebody if observes impurities in the urine and nightsoil which are already rejected and then declares it if impure and condemns it, then why and for what there should be any adverse effect of it to a person who has left it - removed and abandoned it - long back. Similarly there would be no effect on a spiritually wise if some faults and drawbacks if found in the material or subtle body that has been disowned by him long back. Manu Smriti preaches that those who bears with insults, attains pleasures: 'An insulted one sleeps peacefully, attains knowledge blissfully, earns worldly pleasures, and such insulted ones are never destroyed. As per Gyanankusha the criticism hurled by others is nothing but the blessings in disguise: 'Somebody if satisfied by criticizing me, I would treat such criticism as a random favour to me. The people desirous of self-benediction disown their hard earned money for the satisfaction of others. Pure love is a rarity in this world dominated by pains and sorrows and the people entrapped by poverty and worldly pains. Those saints should always think of universal benediction, they should think Good even of their enemies. They should not wish ill of others. Because the saints are always favourable to everybody and are impartial in their outlook. These virtuous attributes of the saints are like an obstacle to an inauspicious thinking. Therefore, know these attributes well.

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Gujarati

અને કોઇનું દુતપણું ન કરવું તથા ચાડિયાપણું ન કરવું તથા કોઇના ચારચક્ષુ ન થવું અને દેહને વિષે અહંબુદ્ધિ ન કરવી ને સ્‍વજનાદિક વિષે મમતા ન કરવી || એવી રીતે સાધુના વિશેષ ધર્મ કહ્યા.

Spanish

No podrán disfrutar en el acto de mensajero o un espía y no calumnia. No tendrán la ilusión de que su cuerpo es el yo. Y no tienen un apego hacia sus familiares.

Explanation

Messenger service means to deliver a message to others or receive a message from others to deliver it to someone. This may be an oral or written form. One who acts like this is called a messenger. Messenger-work means act of passing on or receiving on behalf of others, such messages. If we look at this as a grammarian, we should study the grammatical observation of Vaman: An adjective describes some more about the object, when an adjective and a noun are together, only one should be taken for the meaning of that pair. The acts of a messenger is called messenger work. Backbiting means to disclose before some one the secrets of other's, in a most secretive way. They should not do none of these. They should not act like a secret agent. Should not gather secret information of others and should not disclose it secretly before the others. Because these four acts destroy the virtues of openheartedness and indifference. Backbiting brings cruelty in a saint and spoils him. As there is 'etc' suffixed to the word, these includes household matters. Ascetics have no right for it . Yagyavlkya has said, 'household-dealing carried out by an insane or a sick or a child or a scared one or an intoxicated one or a proudly or a detached one can not be taken as granted. Here, detached ones means those who have disowned their worldly relations - Brahmcharis (celibates) and Vanprastha (those who are in their third stage of life span and have withdrawn themselves from householder ship.

Moreover, they should discard their ego for the self and for the body. It is to be understood that such disowning is to be carried out by self control. They should not establish affection for the family and relatives. 'etc' means objects like utensils and clothing . They should not attach themselves to such objects. Because such objects are deprived of spiritual touch and relations. Those, with affection and love or other such feelings, can not attain emancipation, as per Bhagwan. Bharat says that the emancipation can not be imaginated for those who are tied in the knots of love. Bhikshu Gita suggest a definite fall for those who nurse ego and affection. 'The people with ego and affection wear their mind as body and introduce it as 'I' or self, and consider rest as 'others' and consign themselves to hell due to such illusion. Yudhishthira treats them as animal : 'Oh Madhava ! Oh Victorious ! I and mine, you and your, all such beast like attributes are not in your devotees.' As Manu Bhagwan has said, to take soul as body and nurse animity is not the path of the saints following their God. Prahladji has said that such following pollutes intellect with animal instincts and with the difference between the self and others. Shri Shukdevji also has said 'Oh King! leave aside your animal like thinking which generates fear of death. This is why Prahladji also advises to leave such beastly thinking. Discard evil thinking born of Moha and body, in the form of I and mine. As per Satirugra Shrava the one, who is free from all the vices, attains divine abode of God: Though who are free from the ego generated by body and house, attain the highest position in abode of Lord Vishnu. God stays far away from the egoists, as per the prayer submitted by the elements: Oh Bhagwan ! Your lotus like feet are far away for those who are nursing affection in perishable body and family, and indulge in sentiments like I and mine. We worship and pray to such lotus feet.' Vasishtha has said, 'An ignorant man can not detach himself from the world, till he has affection for his body and bodily relations.' Therefore, Brahmaji has said that those who are blessed with the mercy of supreme and omnipresent God, Swim through the ocean of worldly Maya. They never attach themselves to their perishable body which is like a morsel for dogs and foxes; and they never think in the term of 'I' or 'mine'. More details on this can be had from Bharat Akhyaan.

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Gujarati

અને અમારે આશ્રિત એવા જે સત્‍સંગી બાઇભાઇ સર્વે તેમના જે સામાન્‍ય ધર્મ અને વિશેષ ધર્મ તે જેતે સંક્ષપે કરીને આવી રીતે અમે લખ્‍યા છે અને આ ધર્મનો જે વિસ્‍તાર તે તો અમારા સંપ્રદાયના જે ગ્રંથ તે થકી જાણવો.

Spanish

Por lo tanto, los códigos de conducta para todos mis seguidores son escritos por mí en breve. Para obtener más información uno se refieren a las escrituras, ya existentes y aceptados tradicionalmente.

Explanation

Now, here concludes his religious preaching. Thus I have narrated in brief the religious duties and conduct of all my followers. The expansion of these religious duties can be had from the religious scriptures of the Sampradaya. Devotees and followers should know these in detail from the scripture like Shrimad Bhagwat.

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Gujarati

અને સર્વે જે સચ્‍છાસ્‍ત્ર તેનો જે સાર, તેને અમે અમારી બુદ્ધિએ કરીને ઉદ્ધારીને આ શિક્ષાપત્રી જે તે લખી છે, તે કેવી છે, તો સર્વે મનુષ્‍યમાત્રને માનવાંછિત ફળની દેનારી છે.

Spanish

Este SHIKSHAPATRI (epístola de preceptos) está escrito por mí, después de extraer de las Sagradas Escrituras. Esto se cumplen los deseos del pueblo.

Explanation

Now, about the source of this scripture (Shikshapatri). This Shikshpatri would give all desired fruits to it's worshippers - the followers. I (Lord Shri Hari) have condensed all auspicious scriptures in the form of this Shikshapatri, in accordance to my (Lord Shri Hari's) spiritual wisdom, It is fruitful for everybody.

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Gujarati

એ હેતુ માટે અમારા આશ્રિત જે સર્વે સત્સંગી તેમણે સાવધાનપણે કરીને નિત્ય પ્રત્યે આ શિક્ષાપત્રી ને અનુસરીનેજ વર્તવું, પણ પોતાના મનને જાણે તો ક્યારેય ના વર્તવું.

Spanish

Por lo tanto, mis discípulos se siga estrictamente esta SHIKSHAPATRI y vivir en consecuencia. Y nunca se comportan libre lo que quieran.

Explanation

Therefore, as it is condensed cream of all religious and good scriptures and as it gives all desired fruits to it's practitioners, the followers of mine, who are with well disciplined mind should follow it stipulously. They should not act at the fancies of their mind.

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Gujarati

અને જે અમારા આશ્રિત પુરુષ ને સ્ત્રીયો, તે જે આ શિક્ષાપત્રી પ્રમાણે વર્તશે તે તો ધર્મ, અર્થ, કામ અને મોક્ષ - એ ચારે પુરષાર્થ ની સિદ્ધિ ને પામશે.

Spanish

Y lo cierto es que los hombres o mujeres que siguen este camino alcanzar el último cuatro objetos de la vida de la humanidad, a saber, el Dharma (virtud) Artha (riqueza) de Kama (placer) y Moksha (salvación)

Explanation

Those followers, men and women, who shall act in conformity with commandments of this teaching and preaching and thus would perform those religious duties, would earn all four Purusharthas (achievements of life) namely ethics, majesty, desires and salvation. They will attain desired fruits as success in religion, success in achieving majesty success in fulfillment of desires, and attaining emancipation after their death. In nutshell, they will attain all desired fruits.

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Gujarati

અને જે બાઈ-ભાઈ આ શિક્ષાપત્રી પ્રમાણે નહિ વર્તે, તે તો અમારા સંપ્રદાય થાકી બાહેર છે, એમ અમારા સંપ્રદાય વાળા સ્ત્રી-પુરુષ તેમણે જાણવું.

Spanish

Los hombres y mujeres de nuestra secta se entiende que aquellos que no siguen la SHIKSHAPATRI en consecuencia, ser tratados como excomulgado de nuestra secta.

Explanation

Those, who shall not follow and practice this teaching and preaching and if shall act in accordance to their fancies, shall be treated as out side the fold of our Sampradaya by our loyal followers. This means that, only those are the true Satsangis who live their life in accordance to the principles of Shikshapatri.

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Gujarati

અને અમારા આશ્રિત સત્સંગી તેમણે આ શિક્ષાપત્રી નો નિત્ય પ્રત્યે પાઠ કરવો, અને જેને ભણતા ન આવડતું હોય, તમણે તો આદરથકી આ શિક્ષાપત્રી નું શ્રવણ કરવું.

Spanish

Mis discípulos día cumplirá la lectura de este libro sagrado. Los que son analfabetos se escuchan con reverencia.

Explanation

The devotees from all three castes, who are my followers should read Shikshapatri regularly everyday. Those who are illiterate and are not clear in pronunciation and those who have no right to read it, should listen to it with due respect. In case of non availability of a suitable reader, one should offer Poojan and worship to this scripture, through available means. The Poojan of the scripture is equally rewarding like a Poojan of Shriji Maharaj himself. Shikshapatri is His own form, it's preaching is His own words, and discloses deeper meaning of the religion preached by him. As this scripture is idol of Shriji Maharaj, all his devotees are required to worship it with appropriate Poojan of the scripture. Here, it is meant that Poojan is equally rewardful in fulfillment of desired fruits.

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Gujarati

અને આ શિક્ષાપત્રી ને વાંચી સંભળાવે આવો કોઈ ન હોય ત્યારે તો નિત્ય પ્રત્યે આ શિક્ષાપત્રી ની પૂજા કરવી, અને આ જે અમારી વાણી, તે અમારું સ્વરૂપ છે, તે રીતે પરમ આદર થકી માનવી.

Spanish

Cuando no hay nadie que lea este libro y les digo. Ellos adorarán este libro con reverencia, tomando el SHIKSHAPATRI como mi propia forma.

Explanation

The devotees from all three castes, who are my followers should read Shikshapatri regularly everyday. Those who are illiterate and are not clear in pronunciation and those who have no right to read it, should listen to it with due respect. In case of non availability of a suitable reader, one should offer Poojan and worship to this scripture, through available means. The Poojan of the scripture is equally rewarding like a Poojan of Shriji Maharaj himself. Shikshapatri is His own form, it's preaching is His own words, and discloses deeper meaning of the religion preached by him. As this scripture is idol of Shriji Maharaj, all his devotees are required to worship it with appropriate Poojan of the scripture. Here, it is meant that Poojan is equally rewardful in fulfillment of desired fruits.

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Gujarati

અને આ જે અમારી શિક્ષાપત્રી, તે જે તે દૈવી સંપદા યુક્ત જે જન હોય તને આપવી, અને જે જન આસુરી સંપદા યુક્ત હોય તને તો ક્યારેય ન આપવી.

Spanish

Este Patrika se tendrá en cuenta sólo los que tienen buenas cualidades y nunca se da a aquellos que poseen cualidades mal.

Explanation

As Bhagwan has said, there are two sources in progeny on this earth, namely - those with righteous virtues of divine and godly wealth and the others are those who are with the properties of demonic vices. This Shikshapatri should be given only to the people with righteous virtues of divine and godly wealth. The Shikshapatri is never to be given to the people, possessing properties of demonic vices. Because, a donation made to an improper place brings out adverse results. That is the intention behind such instruction. Godly properties and demonic properties have been narrated in detail in Shrimad Bhagwad Geeta. Following are the Godly properties: fearlessness, whole someness, absolute purity, engagementin management of knowledge, philanthropy, control on sense organs, holy fires, study of the scriptures, penance, simplicity, non-violence, truth, angerlessmess, sacrifice, peace, mercy, freedom from the tastes, softness, public decorum, well composed steadyness, aura, forgiveness, patience, purity, egolessness etc are divine and godly properties. Whereas:, Oh Arjuna! Know that the hypocrisy, ego, pride, anger, harshness, ignorance etc are demonic properties of inherent nature. The divine and Godly virtues give Moksha and demonic properties become like manacles for a person possessing such properties.

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Gujarati

સવંત ૧૮૮૨ (અઢારસો બ્યાસી) ના મહા સુદિ પંચમી ને દિવસે આ શિક્ષાપત્રી અમે લખી છે. તે પરમ કલ્યાણકારી છે.

Spanish

Esta bendición SHIKSHAPATRI está escrito en el primer día de celebración Vasanta Utsava (día Vasanta Panchmi) en el año 1882 de la era de Vikram. (AD 1826).

Explanation

The Samvat (era) Founded by great virtuous king Vikram is known as Vikram Samvat - Vikram Shaka. The time when religious rules have been framed: Netra (eyes-two), Vasus (prominent demi - Gods, namely Dhava, Dhruva, Soma, Vishnu, Anila, Anala, Prabmsha and Prabhava - in all -eight) in a pair Bhumi (earth-one). Thus it is 2881, but as the number has leftward movement, the year is 1882, Vikram Samvat year one thousand eight hundred eighty two. The spring festival day, a famous festival of Vaishnavas is the day - the first day of spring festival - Vasant Panchami - the fifth day of the bright half of Maha. The shikshapatri has been written on this auspicious day.

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Gujarati

અને પોતાના આશ્રિત જે ભક્તજન, તમની જે સમગ્ર પીડા, તેના નાશ કરનારા એવા, અને ધર્મસહીત જે ભક્તિ તની રક્ષા ના કરનારા એવા, અને પોતાના ભક્તજનને મનવાંછીત સુખના આપનારા - એવા જે શ્રીકૃષ્ણ ભગવાન, તે જે તે સમગ્ર મંગળને વિસ્તારો.

Spanish

Señor Krishna alivia todas las dificultades de sus devotos. Que protege y promueve el Dharma y Bhakti. (De sus devotos.) Él concede a todos los placeres que deseamos. Que bendiga a todos nosotros con todos los placeres y la prosperidad.

Explanation

In this concluding chapter, he concludes the scripture with an auspicious prayer, as it has been said as a well set convention that such works are always praise worthy which are auspicious in their beginning, in their core and in their concluding part. The God is the remover of the all the pains (right from birth till death) of His devotees. Shrimad Bhagwat has said, 'Bow again and again to the God, who removes the pains of his saints.' 'I bow to those God fearing people who have attained the lotus feet of God which discard worldly chains by their sanctity and shelter the auspicity.' 'Oh Vidura ! How the pains from the worldly ways, deities, human beings and body could harm a devotee who has surrendered to Shri Hari ? The one who destroys the sins of the people who have come beneath the blessed shade of the lotus feet which destroy the unrest of worldly ways and the different pains.' etc etc. The invocation that subsides the pains of those who surrender to it,' One who removes the fears in the heart when surrendered to Him,' one who removes the worries of the one who bows at Him,' etc. etc. Bhagwat it self has said that the sins are not removed of the one who does not surrender to God: 'The souls scared of the death, world and the heaven of deities have no shelter to surrender excepting your lotus feet. The soul scared of snake like death went to all the Lokas, but got no abode, assuring him fearless safety: Oh Prime ! He sleeps peacefully on attaining an assuring shelter of your lotus feet, and death goes away from him. Religion means the religion which is advocated by the Vedas - the personal religion prescribed in Vedas. Protection of such religion and Bhakti (devotion) both. One who is protecting it. It is said at the many places that God is the protector of religion and devotion: 'Incarnated himself repeatedly to protect religion and devotion,' 'Had put on body for the godly acts required for protecting others and guiding others on His divine path.' Know all these . He is giver of every thing desired consciously or at heart. This should be interpreted in relation to His followers and devotees. Further to this, it is said that the people who are worshipping him devoutly with an open heart attains strength from God in such affection and God illuminates the proper object of human life for them from their efforts and attainments. Also it is said that the wishes of the followers are fulfilled by God are invoked in the follower by the God. The way in which a follower worships, the God fulfills his desires in accordance to it. It is said that one desiring religion, wishes, majesty and benediction attains desired fruits through his devotion of God. Also it is said that God fulfills the wishes of his friend like devotees and gives them His own form. 'He neither has a rise nor a fall.' Also, 'Oh Infinite! One who pleases you attains longevity, desired charm and body, majesty, heaven, earth, tastes, virtues, religion, wealth, heaven, earth, tastes, virtues, sense objects and salvation. Therefore, there is nothing surprising if they defeat their enemies: Such Lord Shri Krishna may do all auspicious of everybody and expand their auspicity in all the directions. It means that nothing inauspicious happens in any of their acts. Here are the feelings of auspicity at the core of heart.

Thus I have constructed this treatise 'Shikshapatri Deepika' in accordance to the supportive scriptures of the Rishis and with in my intellectual capacity. May Lord Shri Hari bless me His pleasure. May Lord Shri Hari expand this auspicity in all directions. Shri Hari, who is son of Dharma and Bhakti and possess benedictory image, has earned fame by preaching axiomatic religion and benedicts his followers who have surrendered at His lotus feet. Lord Shri Hari He who has divine person, He who is God of Gods and resides in Akshardham, and He who is beyond everything, such Lord Sahajanad, the son of Dharma had founded victory on this earth by protecting and nourishing religion.

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